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  1. The decision to not convey patients has become common in emergency medical services worldwide. A substantial proportion (12–51%) of the patients seen by emergency medical services are not conveyed by those ser...

    Authors: Erik Höglund, Agneta Schröder, Magnus Andersson-Hagiwara, Margareta Möller and Emma Ohlsson-Nevo
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:40
    Content type: Original Research Published on:

  2. Treating hemorrhaging patients with prehospital blood product transfusions (PHBT) narrows transfusion delays and potentially benefits the patient. We describe our initial experiences of PHBT in a ground-based ...

    Authors: Heidi Yliharju, Timo Jama and Hilla Nordquist
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:39
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  3. Fluid therapy in patients with suspected infection is controversial, and it is not known whether fluid treatment administered in the prehospital setting is beneficial. In the absence of evidence-based guidelin...

    Authors: Marie Egebjerg Jensen, Arne Sylvester Jensen, Carsten Meilandt, Kristian Winther Jørgensen, Ulla Væggemose, Allan Bach, Hans Kirkegaard and Marie Kristine Jessen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:38
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  4. Whether extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is indicated for patients with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) remains unclear. Pulmonary embolism with PEA is a good candidate for ECPR; however...

    Authors: Shinichi Ijuin, Akihiko Inoue, Satoshi Ishihara, Masafumi Suga, Takeshi Nishimura, Shota Kikuta, Haruki Nakayama, Nobuaki Igarashi, Shigenari Matsuyama, Tomofumi Doi and Shinichi Nakayama
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:37
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  5. Stroke recognition at the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) impacts the stroke treatment and thus the related health outcome. At the EMS Copenhagen 66.2% of strokes are detected by the Emergency Medical Dispatc...

    Authors: Mirjam Lisa Scholz, Helle Collatz-Christensen, Stig Nikolaj Fasmer Blomberg, Simone Boebel, Jeske Verhoeven and Thomas Krafft
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:36
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  6. Previous studies have shown variations in management routines for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Sweden. It is unknown if this management has changed after the publication of the Scandinavian Ne...

    Authors: Fredrik Wickbom, Linda Persson, Zandra Olivecrona and Johan Undén
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:35
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  7. To develop emergency medical dispatch (EMD) centre prediction models with high sensitivity and satisfying specificity to identify high-priority patients and patients suitable for non-emergency care respectivel...

    Authors: Kristoffer Wibring, Markus Lingman, Johan Herlitz and Angela Bång
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:34
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  8. Patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are critically ill and show high mortality. Inter-hospital transfer of these patients has to be safe, with high survival rates during transport wi...

    Authors: Alexander Fuchs, Renate Schmucki, Lorenz Meuli, Pedro David Wendel-Garcia, Roland Albrecht, Robert Greif and Urs Pietsch
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:33
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  9. Accurate triage of the undifferentiated patient is a critical task in prehospital emergency care. However, there is a paucity of literature synthesizing currently available prehospital triage tools. This scopi...

    Authors: Smitha Bhaumik, Merhej Hannun, Chelsea Dymond, Kristen DeSanto, Whitney Barrett, Lee A. Wallis and Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:32
    Content type: Review Published on:

  10. Five-level triage systems are being utilized in Danish emergency departments with and without the use of presenting symptoms. The aim of this study was to validate and compare two 5-level triage systems used i...

    Authors: Frederik Trier Kongensgaard, Marianne Fløjstrup, Annmarie Lassen, Jan Dahlin and Mikkel Brabrand
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:31
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  12. The effects of early integration of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) into patient care are uncertain. This study aims to investigate the effects of early PoCUS on patients with acute flank pain.

    Authors: Pei-Hsiu Wang, Jia-Yu Chen, Dean-An Ling, An-Fu Lee, Ying-Chih Ko, Wan-Ching Lien and Chien-Hua Huang
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:29
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  13. Intravenous fluids are used commonly for almost all intensive care unit (ICU) patients, especially for patients in need of resuscitation. The selection and use of resuscitation fluids may affect the outcomes o...

    Authors: Wei-Hua Dong, Wen-Qing Yan, Xin Song, Wen-Qiang Zhou and Zhi Chen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:28
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  14. Triage and triage related work has been performed in Swedish Emergency Departments (EDs) since the mid-1990s. The Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System (RETTS©), with annual updates, is the most applied ...

    Authors: Sara C. Wireklint, Carina Elmqvist, Bengt Fridlund and Katarina E. Göransson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:27
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  15. Prehospital medical problem reporting is essential in the management of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) operations. The consensus-based template for reporting and documenting in physician-staffed ...

    Authors: Miretta Tommila, Jukka Pappinen, Lasse Raatiniemi, Anssi Saviluoto, Tuukka Toivonen, Johannes Björkman and Jouni Nurmi
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:26
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  16. Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) has been in operation in Japan since 2001, allowing patients almost anywhere in the nation to receive on-scene emergency treatment from physicians. However, there i...

    Authors: Koji Wake, Takafumi Noguchi, Hidekazu Hishinuma, Masayoshi Zaitsu, Jin Kikuchi, Masatoshi Uchida, Kentaro Hayashi, Masanari Machida, Hajime Houzumi, Eisei Hoshiyama, Kyo Takahashi, Gen Kobashi and Kazuyuki Ono
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:25
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  17. This systematic review explored how non-medical factors influence the prehospital resuscitation providers’ decisions whether or not to resuscitate adult patients with cardiac arrest.

    Authors: Louise Milling, Jeannett Kjær, Lars Grassmé Binderup, Caroline Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, Ulrik Havshøj, Helle Collatz Christensen, Erika Frischknecht Christensen, Annmarie Touborg Lassen, Søren Mikkelsen and Dorthe Nielsen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:24
    Content type: Review Published on:

  18. Although prehospital point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is gaining in importance, its rapid interpretation remains challenging in prehospital emergency situations. The technical development of remote real-time s...

    Authors: Martina Hermann, Christina Hafner, Vincenz Scharner, Mojca Hribersek, Mathias Maleczek, Andreas Schmid, Eva Schaden, Harald Willschke and Thomas Hamp
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:23
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  19. There has been in increase in the use of systems for organizing lay responders for suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) dispatch using smartphone-based technology. The purpose is to increase survi...

    Authors: A. Högstedt, M. Thuccani, E. Carlström, A. Claesson, A. Bremer, A. Ravn-Fischer, E. Berglund, M. Ringh, J. Hollenberg, J. Herlitz, A. Rawshani and P. Lundgren
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:22
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  21. Geopolitical and climate changes form the background of the current migration crisis. It has many faces. One of them are the tragic cases of poisoning of refugees due to eating wild forest mushrooms for socioe...

    Authors: Anna Smędra, Katarzyna Wochna, Dariusz Zawadzki and Jarosław Berent
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:20
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  23. Tracheal intubation is the gold standard in emergency airway management. One way of measuring intubation quality is first pass success rate (FPSR). Mastery of tracheal intubation and maintenance of the skill i...

    Authors: Sebastian Imach, Benny Kölbel, Andreas Böhmer, Dorothee Keipke and Tobias Ahnert
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:18
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  24. Emergency applications of rescue blankets go far beyond protection from hypothermia. In this review alternative applicabilities of these remarkable multifunctional tools were highlighted. Newly fabricated resc...

    Authors: Bernd Wallner, Hannah Salchner, Markus Isser, Thomas Schachner, Franz J. Wiedermann and Wolfgang Lederer
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:17
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  25. We investigated paramedic-initiated consultation calls and advice given via telephone by Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) physicians focusing on limitations of medical treatment (LOMT).

    Authors: Heidi Kangasniemi, Piritta Setälä, Heini Huhtala, Anna Olkinuora, Antti Kämäräinen, Ilkka Virkkunen, Joonas Tirkkonen, Arvi Yli-Hankala, Esa Jämsen and Sanna Hoppu
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:16
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  26. Mass gathering (MG) events may cause delayed emergency responses via various mechanisms and strain the resources of local emergency services. Therefore, preparedness, including adequate pre-planning and suffic...

    Authors: Anssi Koski, Jukka Pappinen, Anne Kouvonen and Hilla Nordquist
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:15
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  27. Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), particularly those associated with entrapment, are a common cause of major trauma. Current extrication methods are focused on spinal movement minimisation and mitigation, but f...

    Authors: Tim Nutbeam, Anthony Kehoe, Rob Fenwick, Jason Smith, Omar Bouamra, Lee Wallis and Willem Stassen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:14
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  28. Rapid stratification of the risk of cardiac arrest is essential in the assessment of patients with isolated accidental hypothermia. Traditional methods based on measurement of core temperature are unreliable i...

    Authors: Samuel Barrow and Galen Ives
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:13
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  29. Given that Swedish authorities have been widely viewed as having practiced an unusual approach to the COVID-19 pandemic and given that Sweden is notable for a low incidence of trauma, we wanted to learn how th...

    Authors: Denise Bäckström and Andreas Wladis
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:12
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  30. In Denmark emergency medical technicians transport patients with acute COPD exacerbations to the nearest emergency department. From a clinical and economic perspective, this transport and assessment at the hos...

    Authors: H. M. Christensen, P. I. Pietersen, C. B. Laursen, D. Wittrock, G. Nadim, G. Jørgensen, L. B. Nielsen, M. K. Sørensen, I. L. Titlestad, A. T. Lassen and S. Mikkelsen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:11
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  31. Dispatching first responders (FR) to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in addition to the emergency medical service has shown to increase survival. The promising development of FR systems over the past years has ...

    Authors: Camilla Metelmann, Bibiana Metelmann, Michael P. Müller, Bernd W. Böttiger, Georg Trummer and Karl Christian Thies
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:10
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  32. COVID-19 has overwhelmed health services across the world; its global death toll has exceeded 5.3 million and continues to grow. There have been almost 15 million cases of COVID-19 in the UK. The need for rap...

    Authors: David Fitzpatrick, Edward A. S. Duncan, Matthew Moore, Catherine Best, Federico Andreis, Martin Esposito, Richard Dobbie, Alasdair R. Corfield and David J. Lowe
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:9
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  33. Resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) is an intervention that can be performed in the prehospital setting for relieving cardiac tamponade and/or obtaining vascular control of suspected sub-diaphragmatic haemorrhage i...

    Authors: Phillip Almond, Sarah Morton, Matthew OMeara and Neal Durge
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:8
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  34. Motor vehicle collisions are a common cause of death and serious injury. Many casualties will remain in their vehicle following a collision. Trapped patients have more injuries and are more likely to die than ...

    Authors: Tim Nutbeam, Rob Fenwick, Barbara May, Willem Stassen, Jason E. Smith, Jono Bowdler, Lee Wallis and James Shippen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:7
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  35. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed exceptional demand on Intensive Care Units, necessitating the critical care transfer of patients on a regional and national scale. Performing these transfers required specialis...

    Authors: J. Jeyanathan, D. Bootland, A. Al-Rais, J. Leung, J. Wijesuriya, L. Banks, T. Breen, R. DeCoverly, L. Curtis, A. McHenry, D. Wright, J. E. Griggs and R. M. Lyon
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:6
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  36. A favorable neurological outcome is closely related to patient characteristics and total cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration. The total CPR duration consists of pre-hospital and in-hospital durations....

    Authors: SungJoon Park, Sung Woo Lee, Kap Su Han, Eui Jung Lee, Dong-Hyun Jang, Si Jin Lee, Ji Sung Lee and Su Jin Kim
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:5
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  37. Motor vehicle collisions remain a common cause of spinal cord injury. Biomechanical studies of spinal movement often lack “real world” context and applicability. Additional data may enhance our understanding o...

    Authors: Tim Nutbeam, Rob Fenwick, Barbara May, Willem Stassen, Jason Smith and James Shippen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:4
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  38. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be elevated among first responders (Emergency Medical Services, fire service, police force) compared to the general population. Examining the prevalence o...

    Authors: Bjørn Ole Reid, Lars Eide Næss-Pleym, Karin Elvenes Bakkelund, Jostein Dale, Oddvar Uleberg and Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:3
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  39. The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread use of personal protection equipment (PPE), including filtering face piece (FFP) masks, throughout the world. PPE. Previous studies indicate that PPE impairs neurocognit...

    Authors: Calvin Lukas Kienbacher, Jürgen Grafeneder, Katharina Tscherny, Mario Krammel, Verena Fuhrmann, Maximilian Niederer, Sabine Neudorfsky, Klaus Herbich, Wolfgang Schreiber, Harald Herkner and Dominik Roth
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:2
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  40. The requirement concerning formal education for emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) is debated and varies, both nationally and internationally. There are few studies on the outcomes of emergency medical dispatc...

    Authors: Klara Torlén Wennlund, Lisa Kurland, Knut Olanders, Maaret Castrén and Katarina Bohm
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2022 30:1
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  41. In severely injured patients, fibrinogen supplementation is recommended when fibrinogenemia is < 1.5 g L−1, but some teams have suggested to use higher thresholds (fibrinogenemia < 2.0 g L−1 or FIBTEM clot amplit...

    Authors: Jean-Stephane David, Aline Lambert, Xavier-Jean Taverna, Pascal Incagnoli, Marie-Odile Geay-Baillat, Olivia Vassal, Arnaud Friggeri and Kenji Inaba
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:174
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  42. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the risk of an extensive overload of the healthcare systems have elucidated the need to make decisions on the level of life-sustaining treatment for patients requiring h...

    Authors: Hanne Irene Jensen, Sevim Ozden, Gitte Schultz Kristensen, Mihnaz Azizi, Siri Aas Smedemark and Christian Backer Mogensen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:173
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  43. Intraosseous cannulation can be life-saving when intravenous access cannot be readily achieved. However, it has been shown that the procedure may cause fat emboli to the lungs and brain. Fat embolization may c...

    Authors: Steinar Kristiansen, Benjamin Storm, Dalia Dahle, Terje Domaas Josefsen, Knut Dybwik, Bent Aksel Nilsen and Erik Waage-Nielsen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:172
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  44. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduce mortality in bleeding trauma patients, with greater effect if administered early. Serum concentrations above 10 µg/mL are considered sufficient to inhibit fibrinolysis. Normally ad...

    Authors: Håkon Kvåle Bakke, Ole Martin Fuskevåg, Erik Waage Nielsen and Erik Sveberg Dietrichs
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:171
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  45. Clinically meaningful pain reduction with respect to severity and the adverse events of drugs used in prehospital pain management for children are areas that have not received sufficient attention. The present...

    Authors: Yonas Abebe, Fredrik Hetmann, Kacper Sumera, Matt Holland and Trine Staff
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:170
    Content type: Review Published on:

  46. Selection of incidents and accurate identification of patients that require assistance from physician-staffed emergency medical services (P-EMS) remain essential. We aimed to evaluate P-EMS availability, the u...

    Authors: Martin Samdal, Kjetil Thorsen, Ola Græsli, Mårten Sandberg and Marius Rehn
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:169
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  47. The goal of improving quality through centralisation of specialised medical services must be balanced against potential harm caused by delayed access to emergency treatments in rural areas. This study aims to ...

    Authors: Lorenz Meuli, Alexander Zimmermann, Anna-Leonie Menges, Mario Tissi, Stefan Becker, Roland Albrecht and Urs Pietsch
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:168
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  48. Open thoracostomies have become the standard of care in pre-hospital critical care in patients with chest injuries receiving positive pressure ventilation. The procedure has embedded itself as a rapid method t...

    Authors: Stian Mohrsen, Niall McMahon, Alasdair Corfield and Sinéad McKee
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:166
    Content type: Review Published on:

  50. Rapid response systems (RRSs) are essential components of patient safety systems; however, limited evidence exists regarding their effectiveness and optimal structures. We aimed to assess the activation patter...

    Authors: Seung-Hun You, Sun-Young Jung, Hyun Joo Lee, Sulhee Kim and Eunjin Yang
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:164
    Content type: Original research Published on:

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ISSN: 1757-7241