Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

COVID-19 UPDATES

COVID-19 has greatly impacted our lives and the healthcare system in the most recent times.
Air ambulance services are facing several challenges when dealing with highly infectious patients.
We collect here all most recent research updates on COVID-19 emergency procedures published in the journal to make them easily discoverable to the research community

THE UNREALISED POTENTIAL FOR ORGAN DONATION: HOW TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

Since the first successful kidney transplant at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in 1952, organ transplantation has significantly enhanced the survival and quality of life of countless end-stage organ failure patients. Despite organ donation after brain death is the standard practice in many countries, rates are still low globally and this shortage is especially evident in developed countries. Andrew Fu Wah Ho et al. provide insights into a complex yet ongoing process.

MECHANICAL CHEST COMPRESSION DEVICES & POST-RESUSCITATION DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

Mechanical chest compression devices are accepted alternatives for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) under specific circumstances, but what about their cardiovascular effects and potential for severe thoracic injuries? R. Ruemmler et al. in this study compare CPR effectiveness and thoracic injuries of two mechanical chest compression devices. 

RECURRENT VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION CARDIAC ARRESTS IN A 3-MONTH OLD BOY

Sudden cardiac arrest in infancy is an extremely rare evenience. The overall low numbers of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, together with the obvious ethical restrictions on clinical trials in children, has resulted in national guidelines mainly relying on  case reports, retrospective registry studies, animal modelling and studies exploring resuscitation in the adult population. This results in a lack of high-quality evidence on which to make recommendations on many fundamental aspects of a resuscitation. 
Here P. Kingsley et al. report a very challenging case of resuscitation for recurrent ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrests in an infant.

HOW AND WHY HAS EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AND PRE-HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ANAESTHESIA CHANGED?

Emergency airway management both in the emergency dept. and in the pre-hospital phase of care is not only a key intervention but also a cause of much controversy and uncertainty. Rapid sequence induction (RSI) is the method that we use to try to achieve definitive airway control effectively and rapidly. The original descriptions of RSI delivered great consistency for many years but almost every aspect has been challenged. Avery & coll., in this review, reminded us of what was originally described and looked at how and why this consensus has been lost. There are very good reasons why variations occur and this article gives an insight into how emergency anaesthesia is conducted now and what factors are likely to influence practice in the immediate future. 
SJTREM Editorial Team

GCS ≤ 8: IS INTUBATION THE FIRST CHOICE?

Despite the relationship between the level of consciousness and intubation need is not yet sufficiently subject to evidence-based medicine, it is customary to believe that a patient with GCS ≤ 8 should be intubated to avoid aspiration, or aspiration pneumonia/pneumonitis, and consequently, reduce mortality. Does the coma's state etiology have a word on this?  Read more in D. Orso et al. study.

WHAT'S PRIMARILY TO CARE IN PATIENTS TRAPPED IN MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS?

Prolonged entrapment and/or intrusion into a vehicle after a collision is considered high risk for significant injury. Extrication methods are focused on the prevention of secondary spinal injury through movement minimisation and mitigation .....but which types and in what rate other time-critical injuries occur?
T. Nutbeam et al. analysed data from 63,625 injured patients to help guide meaningful patient-focused interventions and future extrication strategies.

PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF GERIATRIC TRAUMA PATIENTS: THE 6 BIGGEST CHALLENGES!

Trauma happens regularly to older people (≥65 years) - a rapidly growing patient group, especially in the prehospital field. Because of altered physiology, covert mechanisms of injury, non-linear presentations and co-morbidities, it increasingly challenges prehospital teams.
This Scoping Review by Eichinger et al. summarises the six biggest challenges for prehospital providers of a patient's journey, from the dispatch to the outcome.

DOES AMBULANCE DECELERATION CAUSE AN INCREASE IN INTRA CRANIAL PRESSURE?

Ambulance drivers are trained to drive fast when transporting a head injured patient, nevertheless acceleration and deceleration have the potential to create pressure changes in the head that may worsen outcome. In this study, Iscander M. Maissan et al. evaluate the effects of driving and deceleration during ambulance transportation on the intra cranial pressure in supine position and 30° upright position

RELIABILITY OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION DURING CONTINUOUS CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has an annual incidence of approximately 89 per 100,000 inhabitants resulting in more than 400,000 resuscitation attempts and it is the third leading cause of death in Europe. Chest compressions during CPR are a counteracting force to positive pressure ventilation and may limit inspiratory volumes. 
Is mechanical ventilation reliable during continuous chest compressions? Read S. Orlob et al. study.

CHALLENGES IN MOUNTAIN RESCUE

Multiple trauma management in mountain environments can be demanding. Safety of the rescuers and the victim has priority and time for on-site medical treatment must be balanced against the need for rapid transfer to a trauma centre and should be as short as possible. Read the Evidence based guidelines of the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom) for physicians and other advanced life support personnel.

PROS & CONS OF SMARTPHONE-BASED ACTIVATION OF COMMUNITY FIRST RESPONDERS FOR OUT OF HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST

A Community First Responder (CFR) is a local volunteer who agrees to undertake training in Basic Life Support. Over the past decade Smartphone-based activation (SBA) of Community First Responders (CFR) to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) has gained much attention and popularity throughout Europe. C. Metelmann et al. review the current state of SBA of CFR in five European countries, reveal pros & cons, and presents consensus statements to support public decision making on future strategies.

REBOA: WHERE ARE WE & WHERE DO WE GO?

The role of the Resuscitative Endovascular Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) has been recently rediscovered and many trauma centres and some pre-hospital services are considering whether endovascular resuscitation should have a place in their services. M.A. Thrailkill et al. from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda give a comprehensive and balanced description of the techniques, the evidence to date and where the immediate future is likely to take us.

The top five research priorities in physician-provided pre-hospital critical care

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