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  1. The emergency medical services (EMS) use guidelines to describe optimal patient care for a wide range of clinical conditions and symptoms. The intent is to guide personnel to provide patient care in line with ...

    Authors: Kristoffer Wibring, Markus Lingman, Johan Herlitz, Lina Blom, Otto Serholt Gripestam and Angela Bång
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:157
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  2. In a terror attack mass casualty incident (TerrorMASCAL), compared to a “normal” MASCAL, there is a dynamic course that can extend over several hours. The injury patterns are penetrating and perforating injuri...

    Authors: Nina Thies, Alexandra Zech, Thorsten Kohlmann, Peter Biberthaler, Michael Bayeff-Filloff, Karl-Georg Kanz and Stephan Prückner
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:156
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  3. Authors: Delphine Douillet, Stéphanie Kalwant, Yara Amro, Benjamin Gicquel, Idriss Arnaudet, Dominique Savary, Quentin Le Bastard and François Javaudin
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:154
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:141

  4. Healthcare workers have reported increased anxiety while working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of healthcare students in a health crisis has been discussed among clinicians and resear...

    Authors: Kristin Häikiö, Jeanette V. Andersen, Morten Bakkerud, Carl R. Christiansen, Kim Rand and Trine Staff
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:153
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  5. The Danish Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) is part of the Danish Emergency Medical Services System serving 5.7 million citizens with 1% living on islands not connected to the mainland by road. HEM...

    Authors: Thea Palsgaard Møller, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Thora Majlund Kjærulff, Kristine Bihrmann, Karen Alstrup, Lars Knudsen, Troels Martin Hansen, Peter Anthony Berlac, Freddy Lippert and Charlotte Barfod
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:152
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  6. The helicopter emergency services (HEMS) Benefit Score (HBS) is a nine-level scoring system developed to evaluate the benefits of HEMS missions. The HBS has been in clinical use for two decades in its original...

    Authors: Anssi Heino, Lasse Raatiniemi, Timo Iirola, Merja Meriläinen, Janne Liisanantti and Miretta Tommila
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:151
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  7. In the pre-hospital setting, non-urgent patients with non-specific chief complaints pose assessment challenges for the emergency medical systems (EMS). Severely ill patients should be identified among these pa...

    Authors: Milla Jousi, Marja Mäkinen, Johanna Kaartinen, Leena Meriläinen and Maaret Castrén
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:150
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  8. Authors: Asger Sonne, Sarita Egholm, Laurits Elgaard, Niklas Breindahl, Alice Herrlin Jensen, Vagn Eskesen, Freddy Lippert, Frans Boch Waldorf, Nicolai Lohse and Lars Simon Rasmussen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:149
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:118

  9. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is, by its nature, a challenging context that may create risks for both patients and employees. It is also known that an organisation’s safety culture has an influence on both ...

    Authors: Anu Venesoja, Veronica Lindström, Pasi Aronen, Maaret Castrén and Susanna Tella
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:148
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  10. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) performed at the emergency scene in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) can minimize low-flow time. Target temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arres...

    Authors: Walter Petermichl, Alois Philipp, Karl-Anton Hiller, Maik Foltan, Bernhard Floerchinger, Bernhard Graf and Dirk Lunz
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:147
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  12. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction and a major healthcare burden worldwide. Although sepsis is a medical emergency that requires immediate management, screening for the occurrence of sepsis is diff...

    Authors: Joon-myoung Kwon, Ye Rang Lee, Min-Seung Jung, Yoon-Ji Lee, Yong-Yeon Jo, Da-Young Kang, Soo Youn Lee, Yong-Hyeon Cho, Jae-Hyun Shin, Jang-Hyeon Ban and Kyung-Hee Kim
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:145
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  13. There is little evidence of which sepsis screening tool to use in the ambulance setting. The primary aim of the current study was to compare the performance of NEWS2 (National Early Warning score 2) and RETTS ...

    Authors: Ulrika M. Wallgren, Jan Sjölin, Hans Järnbert-Pettersson and Lisa Kurland
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:144
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  14. Authors: Bernd Wallner, Luca Moroder, Hannah Salchner, Peter Mair, Stefanie Wallner, Gabriel Putzer, Giacomo Strapazzon, Markus Falk and Hermann Brugger
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:143
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:129

  15. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during cardiac arrest (ECPR) has increased exponentially. However, reported outcomes vary considerably due to differing study designs and selection criteri...

    Authors: Sameer Karve, Dominique Lahood, Arne Diehl, Aidan Burrell, David H. Tian, Tim Southwood, Paul Forrest and Mark Dennis
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:142
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  16. Patients with electrical injury are considered to be at risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Assessing the risk of developing a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) is the cornerstone of patient management. The aim of th...

    Authors: Delphine Douillet, Stéphanie Kalwant, Yara Amro, Benjamin Gicquel, Idriss Arnaudet, Dominique Savary, Quentin Le Bastard and François Javaudin
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:141
    Content type: Original research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:154

  17. Major incidents (MI) are rare occurrences in Scandinavia. Literature depicting Scandinavian MI management is scarce and case reports and research is called for. In 2019, a trailer falling off a freight train s...

    Authors: Peter Martin Hansen, Søren Bruun Jepsen, Søren Mikkelsen and Marius Rehn
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:140
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. The Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) questionnaire is designed for rating the non-technical performance of emergency medical teams during emergencies, e.g., resuscitation or trauma management. Original...

    Authors: Klas Karlgren, Anders Dahlström, Anderz Birkestam, Annelie Drevstam Norling, Gustav Forss, Mikael Andersson Franko, Simon Cooper, Thomas Leijon and Charlotta Paulsson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:139
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  19. Evidenced-based guidelines on when to cease resuscitation for pulseless electrical activity are limited and support for paramedics typically defaults to the senior clinician. Senior clinicians include paramedi...

    Authors: Ali Coppola, Sarah Black and Ruth Endacott
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:138
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  20. Penetrating injuries to the neck pose a unique challenge to clinicians due to the proximity of multiple significant anatomical structures with little protective soft tissue coverage. Injuries to this area, whi...

    Authors: Christopher Simpson, Harriet Tucker and Anthony Hudson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:137
    Content type: Review Published on:

  21. Rapid Sequence Induction (RSI) is used for emergency tracheal intubation to minimise the risk of pulmonary aspiration of stomach contents. Ketamine and propofol are two commonly used induction agents for RSI i...

    Authors: Niklas Breindahl, Josefine Baekgaard, Rasmus Ejlersgaard Christensen, Alice Herrlin Jensen, Andreas Creutzburg, Jacob Steinmetz and Lars S. Rasmussen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:136
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  22. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the French Government imposed various containment strategies, such as severe lockdown (SL) or moderate lockdown (ML). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both st...

    Authors: Jean-Denis Moyer, Paer-Selim Abback, Sophie Hamada, Thibault Martinez, Marie Werner and Arthur James
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:135
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  23. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between hyperoxia and increased mortality in various patient groups. Critically unwell and injured patients are routinely given high concentration oxygen in th...

    Authors: P. Leitch, A. L. Hudson, J. E. Griggs, R. Stolmeijer, R. M. Lyon and E. ter Avest
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:134
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  24. With an aging population, the number of elderly individuals exposed to traumatic injuries is increasing. The elderly age criterion for traumatic injuries has been inconsistent in the literature. This study aim...

    Authors: Ji Hwan Lee, Min Joung Kim, Ju Young Hong, Jinwoo Myung, Yun Ho Roh and Sung Phil Chung
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:133
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  25. There is evidence supporting the use of beta-blockade in patients with traumatic brain injury. The reduction in sympathetic drive is thought to underlie the relationship between beta-blockade and increased sur...

    Authors: Lin Sadi, Gabriel Sjölin and Rebecka Ahl Hulme
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:132
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  26. Witnessing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a traumatic experience. This study analyses bystanders` psychological processing of OHCA. We examined the potential impact of bystanders performing resusc...

    Authors: Peter Brinkrolf, Bibiana Metelmann, Camilla Metelmann, Mina Baumgarten, Carolin Scharte, Alexander Zarbock, Klaus Hahnenkamp and Andreas Bohn
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:131
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  27. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major healthcare challenges worldwide resulting in an exponential increase in the need for hospital- and intensive care support for COVID-19 patients. As a result...

    Authors: Nadia A. G. Hakkenbrak, Sverre A. I. Loggers, Eva Lubbers, Jarik de Geus, Stefan F. van Wonderen, Eva Berkeveld, Sarah Mikdad, Georgios F. Giannakopoulos, Kees J. Ponsen and Frank W. Bloemers
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:130
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  28. The aim of this manikin study was to evaluate the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with restricted patient access during simulated avalanche rescue using over-the-head and straddle position as co...

    Authors: Bernd Wallner, Luca Moroder, Hannah Salchner, Peter Mair, Stefanie Wallner, Gabriel Putzer, Giacomo Strapazzon, Markus Falk and Hermann Brugger
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:129
    Content type: Original research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:143

  29. Metabolic and electrolyte imbalances are some of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest and can be diagnosed even in the pre-hospital setting with a mobile analyser for point-of-care testing (POCT).

    Authors: Tobias Gruebl, B. Ploeger, E. Wranze-Bielefeld, M. Mueller, W. Schmidbauer, C. Kill and S. Betz
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:128
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  30. Pre-hospital identification of major trauma in elderly patients is key for delivery of optimal care, however triage of this group is challenging. Elderly-specific triage criteria may be valuable. This systemat...

    Authors: Adam J. Boulton, Donna Peel, Usama Rahman and Elaine Cole
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:127
    Content type: Review Published on:

  31. Unused ('idle') peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are those not used within 24 hours of insertion. There is little data on cannulation practices and idle PIVC rates in emergency settings, especially the pre...

    Authors: Hugo Evison, Amy Sweeny, Jamie Ranse, Mercedes Carrington, Nicole Marsh, Joshua Byrnes, Claire M. Rickard, Peter J. Carr and Gerben Keijzers
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:126
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  32. The use of psychoactive prescription drugs is associated with increased risk of traumatic injury, and has negative impact on clinical outcome in trauma patients. Previous studies have focused on specific drugs...

    Authors: Henrik Andreas Torp, Svetlana Skurtveit, Nils Oddvar Skaga, Ingebjørg Gustavsen, Jon Michael Gran and Leiv Arne Rosseland
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:125
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  33. The extent to which Point-of-care of ultrasound (POCUS) is used in different European helicopter EMS (HEMS) is unknown. We aimed to study the availability, perception, and future aspects of POCUS in the Europe...

    Authors: Peter Hilbert-Carius, Manuel F. Struck, Marcus Rudolph, Jürgen Knapp, Leif Rognås, Jörn Adler, Cor Slagt, Lars Jacobsen, Henryk Pich, Michael D. Christian, Didier Dandrifosse and Fikri M. Abu-Zidan
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:124
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  34. The scientific evidence regarding the risk of delayed intracranial bleeding (DB) after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in patients administered an antiplatelet agent (APA) is scant and incomplete. In additi...

    Authors: Giorgio Colombo, Mattia Bonzi, Elisa Fiorelli, Alessandro Jachetti, Viviana Bozzano, Giovanni Casazza, Monica Solbiati and Giorgio Costantino
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:123
    Content type: Review Published on:

  35. Self-reported health and life satisfaction are considered important outcomes in people surviving cardiac arrest. However, most previous studies have reported limited aspects on health, often based on composite...

    Authors: Patrik Hellström, Kristofer Årestedt and Johan Israelsson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:122
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  36. Physical trauma is associated with mortality, long-term pain and morbidity. Effective pain management is fundamental in trauma care and opioids are indispensable for treating acute pain; however, the use and m...

    Authors: Jeanette Finstad, Olav Røise, Leiv Arne Rosseland, Thomas Clausen and Ingrid Amalia Havnes
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:121
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  37. An incident command structure is commonly used to manage responses to major incidents. In the hospital incident command structure, the medical officer in charge (MOC) is in a key position. The decision-making ...

    Authors: Karin Hugelius, Monica Rådestad, H. Al-Dhahir and L. Kurland
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:120
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  38. There is no global consensus on the use of prehospital triage system in mass casualty incidents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most commonly used pre-existing prehospital triage systems for the...

    Authors: Amir Khorram-Manesh, Johan Nordling, Eric Carlström, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Roberto Faccincani and Frederick M. Burkle
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:119
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  39. A spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most critical neurological emergencies a dispatcher can face in an emergency telephone call. No study has yet investigated which symptoms are presente...

    Authors: Asger Sonne, Sarita Egholm, Laurits Elgaard, Niklas Breindahl, Alice Herrlin Jensen, Vagn Eskesen, Freddy Lippert, Frans Boch Waldorff, Nicolai Lohse and Lars Simon Rasmussen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:118
    Content type: Original research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:149

  40. This study aimed to compare and validate the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA); cardiac arrest hospital prognosis (CAHP); non-shockable rhythm, unwitnessed arrest, long no-flow or long low-flow period, blo...

    Authors: Takumi Tsuchida, Kota Ono, Kunihiko Maekawa, Takeshi Wada, Kenichi Katabami, Tomonao Yoshida and Mineji Hayakawa
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:117
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  41. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are faced daily with patients presenting with non-specific chief complaints (NSC). Patients presenting with NSCs often have normal vital signs. It has previously been establish...

    Authors: Robert Ivic, Jouni Nurmi, Lisa Kurland, Veronica Vicente, Veronica Lindström, Therese Djärv, Johanna Kaartinen, Maaret Castrén and Katarina Bohm
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:116
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  42. Incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest is reported to be 0.8 to 4.6 per 1,000 patient admissions. Patient survival to hospital discharge with favourable functional and neurological status is around 21–30%. Th...

    Authors: Alexander Fuchs, Dominic Käser, Lorenz Theiler, Robert Greif, Jürgen Knapp and Joana Berger-Estilita
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:115
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  43. People exposed to electrical injuries are often admitted to hospital for observation. Current evidence suggests that patients who have a normal ECG on admission after a low-voltage injury, with no loss of cons...

    Authors: Jamal Ahmed, Charlotte Stenkula, Sherwan Omar, Josef Ghanima, Fredrik Førsund Bremtun, Jonas Bergan, Nezar Raouf and Waleed Ghanima
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:114
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  44. Prehospital care for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) varies with some emergency medical systems recommending direct transport of patients with moderate to severe TBI to hospitals with specialist neu...

    Authors: Charlie Aletta Sewalt, Benjamin Yaël Gravesteijn, David Menon, Hester Floor Lingsma, Andrew I. R. Maas, Nino Stocchetti, Esmee Venema and Fiona E. Lecky
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:113
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  45. Although the merit of pre-hospital critical care teams such as Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) has been universally recognized for patients with penetrating torso injuries who present with unstabl...

    Authors: M. Gavrilovski, J. E. Griggs, E. ter Avest and R. M. Lyon
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:112
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  46. The COVID-19 pandemic limited hospital resources and necessitated interhospital transport of ICU-patients in order to provide critical care to all patients in the Netherlands. However, not all hospitals have a...

    Authors: Geert-Jan van Geffen, Ed J. Spoelder, Amanda Tijben and Cornelis Slagt
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:111
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  47. Citizen responder programmes dispatch volunteer citizens to initiate resuscitation in nearby out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) before the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival. Little is known about th...

    Authors: Anne-Sofie Linde Jellestad, Fredrik Folke, Rune Molin, Rasmus Meyer Lyngby, Carolina Malta Hansen and Linn Andelius
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:110
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  48. Authors: Iscander M. Maissan, Boris Vlottes, Sanne Hoeks, Jan Bosch, Robert Jan Stolker and Dennis den Hartog
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:109
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:87

  49. Calls to emergency medical lines are an essential component in the chain of survival. Operators make critical decisions based on information they elicit from callers. Although smooth cooperation is necessary, ...

    Authors: Jennifer Gerwing, Jon Erik Steen-Hansen, Trond Mjaaland, Bård Fossli Jensen, Olav Eielsen, Owen Matthew Truscott Thomas and Pål Gulbrandsen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:107
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  50. There exists a therapeutic conflict between haemorrhage control and prevention of thromboembolic events following polytrauma and complications are not uncommon. Such opposing therapies can result in unexpected...

    Authors: Mathew Brun, Shane Brun, David Pearson and Martin Wullschleger
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:106
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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ISSN: 1757-7241