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  1. A reduction in pre-hospital scene time for patients with penetrating trauma is associated with reduced mortality, when combined with appropriate hospital triage. This study investigated the relationship betwee...

    Authors: Alan Cowley, Mark Durham, Duncan Aldred, Richard Crabb, Paul Crouch, Adam Heywood, Andy McBride, Julia Williams and Richard Lyon
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:86
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  3. Chest pain is common in acute ambulance transports. This study aims to characterize and compare ambulance-transported chest pain patients to non-chest pain patients and evaluate if patient characteristics and ...

    Authors: Claus Kjær Pedersen, Carsten Stengaard, Kristian Friesgaard, Karen Kaae Dodt, Hanne Maare Søndergaard, Christian Juhl Terkelsen and Morten Thingemann Bøtker
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:84
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  4. A debate regarding the potential harmful effects of rigid neck collar and backboard usage among prehospital and hospital care providers in Norway provoked the development of an evidence-based guideline. “The N...

    Authors: Nina Øye Thorvaldsen, Lars Didrik Flingtorp, Torben Wisborg and Elisabeth Jeppesen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:83
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  5. Despite decades of improved strategy in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), survival rates of favorable neurological outcome after cardiac arrest (CA) remains poor. It is indicated that the surv...

    Authors: Bo Liu, Qiang Zhang, Yong Liang, Yun Zhang, Xiaoli Yuan, Jiyang Ling and Chunsheng Li
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:82
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  6. Multilevel uncertainty exists in the treatment of devastating brain injury and variation in end-of-life decision-making is a concern. Cognitive and emotional doubt linked to making challenging decisions have n...

    Authors: Annette Robertsen, Eirik Helseth, Jon Henrik Laake and Reidun Førde
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:81
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  7. Pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia and tracheal intubation are life-saving interventions in trauma patients. However, there is evidence suggesting that the risks associated with both procedures outweigh the be...

    Authors: Philipp Schwaiger, Herbert Schöchl, Daniel Oberladstätter, Helmut Trimmel and Wolfgang G. Voelckel
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:80
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  8. Little is known about the associations between the duration of prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by emergency medical services (EMS) and outcomes among paediatric patients with out-of-hospital ca...

    Authors: Haruka Shida, Tasuku Matsuyama, Kosuke Kiyohara, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Takefumi Kishimori, Takeyuki Kiguchi, Chika Nishiyama, Daisuke Kobayashi, Satoe Okabayashi, Tomonari Shimamoto, Takashi Kawamura and Taku Iwami
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:79
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  9. High demands are placed on the emergency medical services to handle rescue operations in challenging environments such as tunnels. In Oslo, Norway a specialised management function within the emergency medical...

    Authors: Johan Hylander, Britt-Inger Saveman, Ulf Björnstig and Lina Gyllencreutz
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:78
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  10. Traumatic spinal cord injury is a relatively rare injury in Denmark but may result in serious neurological consequences. For decades, prehospital spinal stabilisation with a rigid cervical collar and a hard ba...

    Authors: Christian Maschmann, Elisabeth Jeppesen, Monika Afzali Rubin and Charlotte Barfod
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:77
    Content type: Guideline Published on:

  11. Clinical reasoning is the process of gathering and understanding information conducted by clinicians in the emergency medical services (EMS) so as to make informed decisions. Research on clinical reasoning spa...

    Authors: Ulf Andersson, Hanna Maurin Söderholm, Birgitta Wireklint Sundström, Magnus Andersson Hagiwara and Henrik Andersson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:76
    Content type: Review Published on:

  12. Workload is a major determinant of system performance and human well-being. This study aims to evaluate workload in prehospital emergency medicine on a single mission level and investigates influencing factors...

    Authors: Johannes Prottengeier, Johann Georg Keunecke, Christine Gall, Christian Eiche, Andreas Moritz and Torsten Birkholz
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:75
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  13. The beneficial effect of epinephrine during resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been inconclusive, and potential harm has been suggested, particularly in trauma victims. Although no si...

    Authors: Ryo Yamamoto, Masaru Suzuki, Kei Hayashida, Jo Yoshizawa, Atsushi Sakurai, Nobuya Kitamura, Takashi Tagami, Taka-aki Nakada, Munekazu Takeda and Junichi Sasaki
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:74
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  15. Dizziness is a frequent reason for visiting emergency departments (EDs). Differentiating stroke from other causes is challenging for physicians. The role of biomarkers has been poorly assessed. We evaluated wh...

    Authors: N. Deboevere, N. Marjanovic, M. Sierecki, M. Marchetti, M. Dubocage, E. Magimel, O. Mimoz and J. Guenezan
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:72
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  16. In France, the pre-hospital field triage of trauma patients is currently based on the Vittel criteria algorithm. This algorithm was originally created in 2002 before the stratification of trauma centers and, a...

    Authors: Arnaud Cassignol, Julien Marmin, Jean Cotte, Mickael Cardinale, Julien Bordes, Vanessa Pauly, François Kerbaul, Didier Demory and Eric Meaudre
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:71
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  17. Spinal immobilisation of blunt trauma victims with potential spinal cord injury is considered standard of care. The traditional management has, however, been increasingly questioned and concerns about harm hav...

    Authors: Camilla Ikast Ottosen, Jacob Steinmetz, Mo Haslund Larsen, Josefine S. Baekgaard and Lars S. Rasmussen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:70
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  18. Alpine winter sports have become increasingly popular over recent decades, with a similar increase in accident incidence. This review provides an overview of the most recent literature concerning spinal injury...

    Authors: Sebastian Frederick Bigdon, Jan Gewiess, Sven Hoppe, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Lorin M. Benneker, Paul Gilbert Fairhurst and Christoph E. Albers
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:69
    Content type: Review Published on:

  20. In-hospital renal replacement therapy (RRT) is widely used for the treatments of acute kidney injury (AKI) in crush injury (CI) victims. This study was designed to investigate whether preventive peritoneal dia...

    Authors: Xian-Long Zhou, Shao-Zhou Ni, Dan Xiong, Xue-Qi Cheng, Peng Xu and Yan Zhao
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:68
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  21. Prehospital recognition of sepsis may inform case management by ambulance clinicians, as well as inform transport decisions. The objective of this study was to develop a prehospital sepsis screening tool for u...

    Authors: Michael A. Smyth, Daniel Gallacher, Peter K. Kimani, Mark Ragoo, Matthew Ward and Gavin D. Perkins
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:67
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  22. Intravenous drug infusions in critically ill patients require accurate syringe infusion pumps (SIPs). This is particularly important during transportation of critically ill patients by helicopter emergency med...

    Authors: Marc Blancher, Maxence Repellin, Maxime Maignan, Cyrielle Clapé, Arnaud Perrin, José Labarère, Guillaume Debaty and Damien Viglino
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:65
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  23. We present two cases in which elderly male recreational cyclists suffered from cervical fractures and coinciding injuries of the spinal cord that subsequently led to cardiac arrest.

    Authors: Anne Marie Kabell Nissen, Louise Gramstrup Nielsen, Søren Mikkelsen and Anne Craveiro Brøchner
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:64
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. Geographical service areas are used as descriptive system indicators in Emergency Medical Service (EMS) related studies and reporting templates. The actual service area may differ significantly from administra...

    Authors: Jukka Pappinen, Anna Olkinuora and Päivi Laukkanen-Nevala
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:63
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  26. Due to its favorable hemodynamic characteristics and by providing good intubation conditions etomidate is often used for induction of general anesthesia in trauma patients. It has been linked to temporary adre...

    Authors: Michael Gäßler, Matthias Ruppert, Rolf Lefering, Bertil Bouillon and Arasch Wafaisade
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:61
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  27. The Swiss staging model for hypothermia uses clinical indicators to stage hypothermia and guide the management of hypothermic patients. The proposed temperature range for clinical stage 1 is < 35–32 °C, for st...

    Authors: M. Pasquier, P. N. Carron, A. Rodrigues, F. Dami, V. Frochaux, C. Sartori, T. Deslarzes and V. Rousson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:60
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  28. The aim of this Letter to the Editor was to respond to a comment highlighting potential statistical biases in an analysis of our recently published article. We therefore specified the method for selecting the ...

    Authors: François Javaudin, Arnaud Legrand, Philippe Pes, Emmanuel Montassier and Christelle Volteau
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:59
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  29. Dysnatremias are common electrolyte disturbances with significant morbidity and mortality. In chronic dysnatremias a slow correction rate (<10 mmol/L/24 h) is indicated to avoid neurological complications. In ...

    Authors: David Joergensen, Kiarash Tazmini and Dag Jacobsen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:58
    Content type: Review Published on:

  30. The objective of this study was to investigate how the terrorist attack in Stockholm, Sweden affected patient inflow to the general emergency departments (EDs) in close proximity of the attack. The study analy...

    Authors: Andreas Ekström, Fredrik Eng-Larsson, Olov Isaksson, Lisa Kurland and Martin Nordberg
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:57
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  31. We wanted to define metabolomic patterns in plasma to predict a negative outcome in severe trauma patients.

    Authors: Luis Servià, Mariona Jové, Joaquim Sol, Reinald Pamplona, Mariona Badia, Neus Montserrat, Manuel Portero-Otin and Javier Trujillano
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:56
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  32. Obtaining accurate information from a 112 caller is key to correct tasking of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS). Being able to view the incident scene via video from a mobile phone may assist HEMS d...

    Authors: E. ter Avest, E. Lambert, R. de Coverly, H. Tucker, J. Griggs, M. H. Wilson, A. Ghorbangholi, J. Williams and R. M. Lyon
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:55
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  33. Diagnostic errors occur frequently, especially in the emergency room. Estimates about the consequences of diagnostic error vary widely and little is known about the factors predicting error. Our objectives thu...

    Authors: Wolf E. Hautz, Juliane E. Kämmer, Stefanie C. Hautz, Thomas C. Sauter, Laura Zwaan, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Tanja Birrenbach, Volker Maier, Martin Müller and Stefan K. Schauber
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:54
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  34. Recent studies have revealed socioeconomic disparities in stroke outcomes. Here, we investigated whether prehospital stroke care differs with respect to socioeconomic status (SES).

    Authors: Amanda Niklasson, Johan Herlitz and Katarina Jood
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:53
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  35. Trauma triage based on prehospital information facilitates correct allocation of in-hospital resources. The Swedish national two-tier trauma team activation (TTA) criteria were revised in 2016. The current stu...

    Authors: Fredrik Linder, Lina Holmberg, Martin Bjorck, Claes Juhlin, Knut Thorbjornsen, Jan Wisinger, Per Polleryd, Hampus Eklof and Kevin Mani
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:52
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  36. Sepsis is a common critical condition caused by the body’s overwhelming response to certain infective agents. Many biomarkers, including the serum lactate level, have been used for sepsis diagnosis and guiding...

    Authors: Zhiqiang Liu, Zibo Meng, Yongfeng Li, Jingyuan Zhao, Shihong Wu, Shanmiao Gou and Heshui Wu
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:51
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  37. Existing difficult airway prediction tools are not practical for emergency intubation and do not incorporate physiological data. The HEAVEN criteria (Hypoxaemia, Extremes of size, Anatomic challenges, Vomit/bl...

    Authors: Fauzia Nausheen, Nichole P. Niknafs, Derek J. MacLean, David J. Olvera, Allen C. Wolfe Jr, Troy W. Pennington and Daniel P. Davis
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:50
    Content type: Original research Published on:

    The Letter to the Editor to this article has been published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:73

  38. In paediatric trauma patients, tracheobronchial injury can be a rare, life-threatening trauma. In 2011, we instituted a new trauma workflow concept called the hybrid emergency room (Hybrid ER) that combines a ...

    Authors: Daiki Wada, Koichi Hayakawa, Shuhei Maruyama, Fukuki Saito, Hiroyuki Kaneda, Yasushi Nakamori and Yasuyuki Kuwagata
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:49
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is widely used to reverse the action of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in accordance with current guidelines and because of a lack of specific reversal agents. Indicat...

    Authors: Martin Müller, Jonathan Eastline, Michael Nagler, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos and Thomas C. Sauter
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:48
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  40. The Shenkursk Injury Registry (SHIR) was established in the Shenkursk District, Northwestern Russia in 2015 for the purposes of primary prevention. The SHIR covers all injuries (ICD-10 diagnoses from S00 to T7...

    Authors: Tatiana N Unguryanu, Andrej M Grjibovski, Tordis A Trovik, Børge Ytterstad and Alexander V Kudryavtsev
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:47
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  41. There is a growing demand for emergency medical services (EMS) and patients are repeatedly transported by ambulance services. For many patients, especially those with chronic disease, there may be better ways ...

    Authors: Morten Breinholt Søvsø, Torben Anders Kløjgaard, Poul Anders Hansen and Erika Frischknecht Christensen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:46
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  42. Recommendations regarding decompression of tension pneumothorax in small children are scarce and mainly transferred from the adult literature without existing evidence for the paediatric population. This CT-ba...

    Authors: Tom Terboven, Georg Leonhard, Lucas Wessel, Tim Viergutz, Marcus Rudolph, Michael Schöler, Meike Weis and Holger Haubenreisser
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:45
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  43. Telephone triage entails assessment of urgency and direction of flow in out-of-hours (OOH) services, while visual cues are inherently lacking. Triage tools are recommended but current tools fail to provide sys...

    Authors: Hejdi Gamst-Jensen, Erika Frishknecht Christensen, Freddy Lippert, Fredrik Folke, Ingrid Egerod, Mikkel Brabrand, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Lau Caspar Thygesen and Linda Huibers
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:44
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  44. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a prognostic and nonspecific biomarker associated with short-term mortality in emergency department (ED) patients. Therefore, the blood level of suPA...

    Authors: Martin Schultz, Line J. H. Rasmussen, Thomas Kallemose, Erik Kjøller, Morten N. Lind, Lisbet Ravn, Theis Lange, Lars Køber, Lars S. Rasmussen, Jesper Eugen-Olsen and Kasper Iversen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:43
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  45. Pre-hospital Emergency Anaesthesia (PHEA) is regarded as one of the highest risk interventions that pre-hospital providers perform. AAGBI guidance from 2017 suggests the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs...

    Authors: James Raitt, James Hudgell, Henry Knott and Syed Masud
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:42
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  46. Preparation for a disaster or accident-related mass casualty events is often based on experience. The objective measures or tools for evaluating decision-making and effectiveness during such events are underde...

    Authors: Chih-Chuan Lin, Chin-Chieh Wu, Chi-Dan Chen and Kuan-Fu Chen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:41
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  47. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) affects some 275,000 individuals in Europe each year. Time from collapse to defibrillation is essential for survival. As emergency medical services (EMS) response times in...

    Authors: J. Sanfridsson, J. Sparrevik, J. Hollenberg, P. Nordberg, T. Djärv, M. Ringh, L. Svensson, S. Forsberg, A. Nord, M. Andersson-Hagiwara and A. Claesson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:40
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  48. Cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly half of all deaths in Poland. The aim of this study was to assess both the duration and the delays of prehospital treatment in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction...

    Authors: Magdalena Żurowska-Wolak, Patryk Piekos, Jacek Jąkała and Marcin Mikos
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:39
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  49. The Danish Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) is part of the Danish pre-hospital response offering advanced patient care on scene and during rapid transport to definitive care.

    Authors: Karen Alstrup, Jens Aage Kølsen Petersen, Charlotte Barfod, Lars Knudsen, Leif Rognås and Thea Palsgaard Møller
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:38
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  50. The aim of this Letter to the Editor was to report some methodological shortcomings in a recently published Article. We proved that the obtained results are subjected to the sparse data bias and presented some...

    Authors: Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi and Mohammad Hossein Panahi
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2019 27:37
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

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