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Table 5 Odds ratios for the secondary outcomes

From: Prehospital blood gas analyses in acute patients treated by a ground-based physician-manned emergency unit: a cohort study

Outcome

Parameter

Crude odds ratio (95% CI)

p Value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p Value

30-day mortality

Lactate level (continuous)

1.16 (1.11–1.21)

 < 0.001

1.20 (1.15–1.25)

 < 0.001

Lactate group (mmol/L)

 < 2.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

2.0–3.9

1.20 (0.74–1.95)

0.464

1.28 (0.77–2.13)

0.341

 ≥ 4.0

3.65 (2.46–5.40)

 < 0.001

3.87 (2.54–5.91)

 < 0.001

pH group

7.35–7.45 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 7.35

3.36 (2.27–4.98)

 < 0.001

3.25 (2.15–4.92)

 < 0.001

 > 7.45

1.03 (0.56–1.88)

0.925

1.05 (0.56–1.97)

0.880

CO2 group (kPa)

4.3–6.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 4.3

2.00 (1.20–3.33)

0.008

2.12 (1.23–3.66)

0.007

 > 6.0

2.26 (1.55–3.30)

 < 0.001

2.12 (1.42–3.16)

 < 0.001

Intensive care

Lactate level (continuous)

1.13 (1.09–1.17)

 < 0.001

1.13 (1.09–1.17)

 < 0.001

Lactate group

 < 2.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

2.0–3.9

1.80 (1.14–2.86)

0.012

1.80 (1.14–2.86)

0.012

 ≥ 4.0

3.84 (2.58–5.71)

 < 0.001

4.02 (2.68–6.02)

 < 0.001

pH group

7.35–7.45 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 7.35

4.43 (2.97–6.60)

 < 0.001

4.68 (3.12–7.02)

 < 0.001

 > 7.45

0.84 (0.44–1.61)

0.598

0.83 (0.43–1.60)

0.579

CO2 group

4.3–6.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 4.3

(0.84–2.53)

0.178

1.43 (0.82–2.48)

0.204

 > 6.0

(2.15–4.58)

 < 0.001

3.25 (2.22–4.77)

 < 0.001

Mechanical ventilation

Lactate—continuous (mmol/L)

1.13 (1.09–1.17)

 < 0.001

1.13 (1.09–1.17)

 < 0.001

Lactate group

 < 2.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

2.0–3.9

1.99 (1.19–3.30)

0.008

1.98 (1.19–3.30)

0.008

 ≥ 4.0

3.84 (2.48–5.95)

 < 0.001

3.99 (2.56–6.22)

 < 0.001

pH group

 7.35–7.45 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 7.35

4.44 (2.85–6.92)

 < 0.001

4.70 (3.00–7.37)

 < 0.001

 > 7.45

0.81 (0.38–1.72)

0.579

0.80 (0.38–1.70)

0.563

CO2 group (kPa)

4.3–6.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 4.3

1.47 (0.78–2.77)

0.231

1.45 (0.77–2.74)

0.250

 > 6.0

3.75 (2.45–5.75)

 < 0.001

3.94 (2.56–6.07)

 < 0.001

Need of vasopressor

Lactate—continuous (mmol/L)

1.13 (1.08–1.17)

 < 0.001

1.13 (1.08–1.17)

 < 0.001

Lactate group

 < 2.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

2.0–3.9

2.94 (1.53–5.66)

0.001

2.95 (1.53–5.67)

0.001

 ≥ 4.0

5.20 (2.92–9.27)

 < 0.001

(2.98–9.59)

 < 0.001

pH group

7.35–7.45 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 7.35

3.29 (1.97–5.50)

 < 0.001

3.35 (2.00–5.61)

 < 0.001

 > 7.45

0.78 (0.32–1.90)

0.590

0.78 (0.32–1.89)

0.585

CO2 group (kPa)

4.3–6.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 4.3

1.89 (0.95–3.78)

0.071

1.89 (0.95–3.79)

0.071

 > 6.0

2.79 (1.68–4.61)

 < 0.001

2.84 (1.71–4.71)

 < 0.001

Urgent operation

Lactate—continuous (mmol/L)

1.09 (1.05–1.14)

 < 0.001

1.09 (1.04–1.13)

 < 0.001

Lactate group

 < 2.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

2.0–3.9

2.81 (1.46–5.43)

0.002

2.79 (1.45–5.40)

0.002

 ≥ 4.0

3.21 (1.76–5.86)

 < 0.001

3.03 (1.65–5.57)

 < 0.001

pH group

7.35–7.45 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 7.35

2.47 (1.43–4.27)

0.001

2.51 (1.44–4.37)

0.001

 > 7.45

1.14 (0.50–2.61)

0.749

1.13 (0.49–2.58)

0.773

CO2 group (kPa)

4.3–6.0 (reference)

1

 

1

 

 < 4.3

1.79 (0.92–3.48)

0.088

1.84 (0.94–3.61)

0.075

 > 6.0

1.39 (0.83–2.33)

0.213

1.50 (0.89–2.54)

0.130

  1. The adjusted odds ratios are adjusted for the confounders: Age, sex, and Charlson’s comorbidity index
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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

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