Table 2 Univariate analysis: Association of variables with critical hypertension (defined as a new SBP > 180 mmHg ≤ 10 min of induction, or a > 10% increase if SBP was > 180 mmHg pre-PHEA) of adult trauma patients undergoing PHEA in the East of England, 2015 − 2002

Sex

Female

Male

REF

0.177

0.383

Age / years

16–34

35–54

55–74

75+

REF

0.749

1.252

1.411

0.004*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Estimated patient weight

0.007

Glasgow Coma Scale score

0.040

GCS motor score

1

2

3

4

5

6

REF

0.158

0.255

0.698

0.879

0.355

0.700

0.470

0.013*

0.001*

0.220*

Mechanism

Transport

Accidental Injury

Assault

Self-harm

Sport/leisure

REF

0.649

0.528

< 0.001

0.722

< 0.001*

0.149*

1.000

0.096*

Shock index (SI)

-3.011

Pre-PHEA SBP / mmHg

Mid (90–140)

Low (< 90)

High (141–180)

Critical (> 180)

REF

-1.186

1.986

0.983

0.106*

< 0.001*

0.003*

Pre-PHEA HR / beats/minute

Mid (60–100)

Low < 60)

High (> 100)

REF

0.165

-0.910

0.531

< 0.001*

Pre-PHEA RR / breaths/minute

Mid (10–25)

High (> 25)

Low (< 10)

REF

-0.261

-0.623

0.277

0.194*

Fentanyl dose (mcg kg^− 1)

1

0

2

3

REF

-0.695

-0.256

-0.063

0.002*

0.421

0.759

Ketamine dose (mg kg^− 1)

1

0

2

REF

-0.719

0.439

0.173*

0.010*

Rocuronium dose (mg kg^− 1)

1

0

2

REF

0.628

-0.126

0.146*

0.692

Indication for PHEA

Reduced consciousness

Airway obstruction/compromise

Ventilatory failure

Agitated head injury

Anticipated clinical course

Other

REF

-0.286

-0.830

0.273

-0.104

0.353

0.219*

0.017*

0.253

0.753

0.531

Arrival time to PHEA / minutes

0.009

Total attempts

0.499

Blade type

Direct Laryngoscope

Video Laryngoscope

REF

0.335

0.073*

Pre-PHEA fluids

None

Fluids

REF

-0.833

< 0.001*