Table 3 Frostbite case reports with treatments

Thrombolysis + heparin

4

[57, 58]

Thrombolysis + heparin + ASA

1

[59]

Thrombolysis + heparin + papaverin

1

[60]

Thrombolysis + HBOT

1

[61]

Thrombolysis + HBOT + abciximab

1

[62]

Iloprost

1

[63]

Iloprost + ASA + LMWH

1

[64]

Iloprost + ASA

7

[64,65,66]

Iloprost + ASA + LMWD

1

[17]

Iloprost + LMWH

1

[17]

Iloprost + Ibuprofen

2

[67, 68]

HBO

4

[69,70,71]

HBOT + Iloprost

1

[72]

HBOT + pentoxifylline + Ibuprofen + aloe vera

1

[73]

HBOT + pentoxifylline + LMWH

2

[74]

Regional anesthesia

2

[75, 76]

Regional anesthesia + heparin + Phenindione

3

[77]

Regional anesthesia + dexketoprofene

1

[11]

Regional pharmacological sympathectomy + LMWD

1

[78]

Stellate ganglion blocks

1

[50]

Surgical sympathectomy

21

[12]

Ibuprofen

3

[79,80,81]

Ibuprofen + heparin

1

[82]

Ibuprofen + aloe vera

1

[68]

Ibuprofen + nifedipine + alprostadil

1

[83]

ASA

1

[84]

ASA + LMWD

1

[85]

ASA + LMWH

1

[86]

ASA + LMWH + pentoxifylline

1

[87]

ASA + heparin

1

[88]

LMWD

2

[87, 90]

Bradykinin

2

[91]

Reserpine

4

[92, 93]

ACTH

2

[94]

2.45 GHz microwaves + heparin

1

[95]

Conservative treatment

27

[96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104]