Frostbite treatment: a systematic review with meta-analyses

Table 2 Outcomes of frostbite treated with different modalities in patient cohorts. Treatments are grouped according to the quantification methods. HBOT = Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Outcome quantified by the Hennepin Score (3 studies) ^a[9, 24, 31]
Treatment	Cases	Tissue salvage rate
Treatment including thrombolysis	78	76%
Treatment without thrombolysis	45	49%

Outcome quantified by the digit salvage rate (10 studies)^a[8,9,10, 18, 23, 30, 32, 48,49,50]
Treatment	Cases	Digit salvage rate
Treatment including thrombolysis	115	69%
Treatment including iloprost + HBOT	28	98%
Treatment including iloprost	30	85%
Yukon frostbite protocol ^b	22	80%
Treatment without thrombolysis, iloprost or HBOT	35	48%

Outcome quantified by the phalanges salvage rate (1 study) [26]
Treatment	Cases	Phalanges salvage rate
Treatment including thrombolysis	5	87%

Outcome quantified by the amputation rate (7 studies) [29, 51,52,53,54,55,56]
Treatment	Cases	No amputation (%)	Amputation (%)
Treatment including thrombolysis	91	64 (70%)	27 (30%)
Treatment including HBOT	22	14 (64%)	8 (36%)
Treatment without thrombolysis and HBOT	364	188 (52%)	176 (48%)

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