Table 2 Baseline, cardiac arrest times, ECMO run and outcome characteristics of ECPR patients, in-hospital versus out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Characteristics | Total (n = 199) | In-hospital (n = 104) | Out of hospital (n = 95) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr, mean (SD) | 50.5 (15.2) | 52.6 (16.0) | 48.2 (14.1) | 0.02 |
Female, n (%) | 48 (24.1) | 33 (31.7) | 15 (15.8) | 0.009 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Diabetes type 1 or 2 | 33 (16.6) | 23 (22.1) | 10 (10.5) | 0.028 |
Chronic kidney disease CKD 1–3 | 9 (4.5) | 9 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
Heart failure (NYHA 1 or 2) | 8 (4.0) | 6 (5.7) | 2 (2.1) | 0.19 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 5 (2.5) | 4 (3.8) | 1(1.0) | 0.21 |
Ischaemic heart disease (prior to admission) | 29 (14.6) | 21 (20.2) | 8 (8.4) | 0.019 |
Cardiac intervention prior (PCI, CABG, other) | 40 (20.1) | 34 (32.7) | 6 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
COPD (Stage 3 or less) | 5 (2.5) | 4 (3.9) | 1 (1.0) | 0.21 |
Chronic liver disease (Child–Pugh A or less) | 3 (1.5) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (2.1) | 0.53 |
Cardiac arrest and ECMO run | ||||
CPR in progress at ECMO initiation, n (%) | 187 (94) | 98 (94.2) | 89 (93.7) | 0.87 |
Shockable initial rhythm, n (%) | 103 (53.7) | 35 (35.7) | 68 (72.3) | < 0.001 |
Any ROSC, n (%) | 86 (43.2) | 46 (44.2) | 40 (42.1) | 0.76 |
Bystander CPR performed, n (%) | 191 (96.0) | 104 (100) | 87 (91.6) | 0.003 |
Witnessed arrest, n (%) | 185 (93.0) | 100 (96.2) | 85 (89.5) | 0.066 |
Duration of cardiac arrest* at arrival of ECMO provider, min, median, (IQR) | 30 (8–51) | 10 (5–25) | 50 (43–66) | < 0.001 |
Time for decision, set up, cannulation, min, median, (IQR) | 22 (16–35) | 21 (13–35) | 25 (20–34) | 0.022 |
Total time to ECMO support, min, median, (IQR) | 59 (35–82) | 39 (24–53) | 77 (68–95) | < 0.001 |
Outcome | ||||
Coronary angiogram performed, n (%) | 120 (60.3) | 53 (51.0) | 67 (70.5) | 0.005 |
Cardiac therapeutic intervention, n (%) | ||||
Percutaneous coronary intervention** review | 65 (32.7) | 26 (25.0) | 39 (41.1) | 0.016 |
Cardiac bypass surgery | 13 (6.5) | 10 (9.6) | 3 (3.1) | 0.066 |
AICD | 13 (6.5) | 9 (8.67 | 4 (4.2) | 0.21 |
Other | 26 (13.1) | 17 (16.4) | 9 (9.5) | 0.15 |
ECMO weaned sucessfully, n (%) | 88 (44.2) | 63 (60.6) | 25 (26.3) | < 0.001 |
ECMO duration (weaned), d, median (IQR) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2–8) | 4 (2–6) | 0.54 |
Bridge to LVAD, n (%) | 5 (2.5) | 4 (3.9) | 1 (1.0) | 0.21 |
Bridge to heart transplant, n (%) | 4 (2.0) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.2) | 0.27 |
Survival to hospital discharge, n (%) | 62 (31.2) | 43 (41.4) | 19 (20.0) | 0.001 |
CPC of survivors at discharge, total n = 62, n (%) | ||||
1 | 51 (82.2) | 38 (88.4) | 13 (68.4) | |
2 | 9 (14.5) | 5 (11.6) | 4 (21.1) | |
3 | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | |
4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Uncertain CPC | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | |
Organ donation, n (%) | 14 (7.0) | 3 (2.9) | 11 (11.6) | 0.017 |