Table 1 Patient characteristics stratified by presenting level of responsiveness (n = 920)
All patients (n = 920) | Alert (n = 531) | Verbal (n = 212) | Pain (n = 59) | Unresponsive (n = 118) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||||
Age, years (SD) | 43 [4–99] | 38 [26–60] | 43 [40–46] | 41 [36–46] | 35 [23–54] | 0.205 |
Male (n [%]) | 598 [65] | 327 [62] | 139 [66] | 44 [75] | 85 [72] | 0.04 |
Incident Timings | ||||||
999 to scene time (mins) | 35 [26–49] | 37 [28–45] | 34 [18–34] | 39 [66] | 32 [23–44] | 0.213 |
Time to PHEA (hh: mm: ss) | 01:11:00 | 01:17:00 | 01:16:00 | 01:07:00 | 01:06:00 | 0.461 |
Mechanism Descriptor, n [%] | ||||||
Car driver (or passenger) | 730 | 424 [58] | 166 [78] | 45 [76] | 85 [11] | 0.007 |
Van driver (or passenger) | 68 | 41 [60] | 11 [5] | 1 [2] | 4 [6] | |
Pedestrian* | 44 | 25 [57] | 8 [4] | 2 [3] | 8 [18] | |
Unspecified** | 78 | 41 [53] | 27 [13] | 11 [19] | 21 [27] | |
Injury Descriptors, n [%] | ||||||
Head | 157 [17] | 49 [9] | 47 [22] | 26 [44] | 49 [42] | < 0.001 |
Chest | 440 [48] | 234 [44] | 93 [44] | 29 [49] | 74 [63] | < 0.001 |
Abdomen | 401 [43] | 212 [40] | 115 [54] | 23 [39] | 43 [36] | 0.006 |
Presenting Physiology, n [%] | ||||||
Airway | ||||||
Obstructed Partial obstruction Managed Maintaining own Missing | 34 55 66 753 12 | 0 [0] 1 [1] 0 [0] 530 [99] | 0 [0] 3 [1] 1 [0.5] 207 [98] | 0 [0] 31 [53] 13 [22] 15 [25] | 34 [100] 18 [33] 52 [79] 2 [0.2] | < 0.001 |
Circulation | ||||||
Cardiac arrest Central pulse Radial pulse Missing | 84 55 784 12 | 0 [0] 10 [2] 521 [66] | 0 [0] 26 [12] 188 [89] | 0 [0] 10 [17] 49 [83] | 84 [68] 10 [8] 12 [10] | < 0.001 |
HEMS Interventions, n [%]*** | ||||||
HEMS Interventions (any) | 262 [29] | 48 [19] | 70 [27] | 54 [21] | 86 [34] | < 0.001 |
PHEA | 124 [13] | 16 [3] | 45 [36] | 48 [39] | 16 [14] | < 0.001 |
Blood product transfusion | 120 [13] | 15 [3] | 48 [40] | 16 [13] | 42 [36] | < 0.001 |
Thoracostomy/ies | 140 [15] | 17 [3] | 27 [19] | 23 [16] | 67 [57] | < 0.001 |
Resuscitative Thoracotomy | 1 [< 1] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 1 [100] | 0 [0] | 0.311 |
Patient Disposition and Outcome, n [%] | ||||||
HEMS Conveyed | 528 [57] | 248 [47] | 107 [20] | 53 [10] | 38 [32] | < 0.001 |
Pronounced Life Extinct | 82 [9] | 2 [< 1] | 3 [4] | 5 [6] | 73 [62] | |