Table 4 Traumatic cardiac arrests excluded
Characteristic | Prehospital airway management | ED airway management | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
TI, N = 401 | not TI, N = 4881 | TI, N = 1551 | not TI, N = 3221 | |
Age (years) | 37.5 (22.3, 55.3) | 31 (23, 46) | 31 (24, 46.8) | 30 (22, 45.8) |
(Missing) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Sex | ||||
Female | 4/40 (10%) | 44/488 (9.0%) | 12/155 (7.7%) | 31/322 (9.6%) |
Male | 36/40 (90%) | 444/488 (91%) | 143/155 (92%) | 291/322 (90%) |
Injury mechanism | ||||
GSW | 20/40 (50%) | 135/488 (28%) | 55/155 (35%) | 85/322 (26%) |
SW | 16/40 (40%) | 312/488 (64%) | 89/155 (57%) | 204/322 (63%) |
Other | 4/40 (10%) | 41/488 (8.4%) | 11/155 (7.1%) | 33/322 (10%) |
ISS | 26 (22, 39) | 19 (17, 26) | 25 (18, 29) | 19 (17, 26) |
Prehospital GCS score | ||||
3–8 | 22/33 (67%) | 39/396 (9.8%) | 30/122 (25%) | 23/269 (8.6%) |
9–12 | 5/33 (15%) | 25/396 (6.3%) | 17/122 (14%) | 10/269 (3.7%) |
13–15 | 6/33 (18%) | 332/396 (84%) | 75/122 (61%) | 236/269 (88%) |
(Missing) | 7 | 92 | 33 | 53 |
First blood pressure (mmHg) | 100 (85, 145) | 120 (100, 138) | 118 (95, 130) | 119.5 (100, 140) |
(Missing) | 19 | 163 | 76 | 94 |
First blood pressure (RTS) | ||||
No carotid | 0/15 (0%) | 1/120 (0.8%) | 0/52 (0%) | 1/68 (1.5%) |
Only carotid | 2/15 (13%) | 9/120 (7.5%) | 8/52 (15%) | 1/68 (1.5%) |
Femoral | 3/15 (20%) | 12/120 (10%) | 6/52 (12%) | 7/68 (10%) |
Weak radial | 4/15 (27%) | 42/120 (35%) | 19/52 (37%) | 24/68 (35%) |
Clear radial | 6/15 (40%) | 56/120 (47%) | 19/52 (37%) | 35/68 (51%) |
First blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg | 60/325 (18%) | 7/21 (33%) | 40/228 (18%) | 18/79 (23%) |
(Missing) | 163 | 19 | 94 | 76 |
First respiratory rate (RTS) | ||||
0 | 0/24 (0%) | 1/432 (0.2%) | 0/128 (0%) | 1/280 (0.4%) |
1–9 | 3/24 (12%) | 4/432 (0.9%) | 2/128 (1.6%) | 4/280 (1.4%) |
10–29 | 16/24 (67%) | 323/432 (75%) | 89/128 (70%) | 212/280 (76%) |
> 29 | 5/24 (21%) | 104/432 (24%) | 37/128 (29%) | 63/280 (22%) |
(Missing) | 16 | 56 | 27 | 42 |
Outcomes | ||||
Ventilator days | 3 (1, 5.5) | 1 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 4) | 1 (1, 3) |
(Missing) | 9 | 243 | 19 | 212 |
Glasgow Outcome Scale score | ||||
1 | 15/38 (39%) | 44/488 (9%) | 36/155 (23%) | 19/321 (5.9%) |
2 | 0/38 (0%) | 4/488 (0.8%) | 2/155 (1.3%) | 2/321 (0.6%) |
3 | 11/38 (29%) | 83/488 (17%) | 36/155 (23%) | 49/321 (15%) |
4 | 9/38 (24%) | 216/488 (44%) | 56/155 (36%) | 152/321 (47%) |
5 | 2/38 (5.3%) | 136/488 (28%) | 23/155 (15%) | 96/321 (30%) |
Unknown | 1/38 (2.6%) | 5/488 (1%) | 2/155 (1.3%) | 3/321 (0.9%) |
(Missing) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
30-day survival | ||||
Dead | 15/40 (38%) | 45/488 (9.2%) | 35/155 (23%) | 21/322 (6.5%) |
Alive | 23/40 (57%) | 435/488 (89%) | 116/155 (75%) | 296/322 (92%) |
Unknown | 2/40 (5%) | 8/488 (1.6%) | 4/155 (2.6%) | 5/322 (1.6%) |