Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Characteristic | Prehospital airway management | ED airway management | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
TI, n = 1181 | no TI, n = 5671 | TI, n = 2481 | no TI, n = 4821 | |
Age (years) | 29 (21, 41) | 31 (23, 46) | 30 (23, 43.5) | 29 (22, 44) |
Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Sex | ||||
Female | 14/118 (12%) | 55/567 (9.7%) | 18/248 (7.3%) | 44/482 (9.1%) |
Male | 104/118 (88%) | 512/567 (90%) | 230/248 (93%) | 438/482 (91%) |
Injury mechanism | ||||
GSW | 52/118 (44%) | 171/567 (30%) | 109/248 (44%) | 157/482 (33%) |
SW | 59/118 (50%) | 351/567 (62%) | 125/248 (50%) | 283/482 (59%) |
Other | 7/118 (5.9%) | 45/567 (7.9%) | 14/248 (5.6%) | 42/482 (8.7%) |
ISS | 33 (25, 75) | 21 (17, 26) | 25 (18, 34) | 22 (17, 28.5) |
Prehospital GCS score | ||||
3–8 | 79/92 (86%) | 103/463 (22%) | 79/174 (45%) | 90/338 (27%) |
9–12 | 7/92 (7.6%) | 26/463 (5.6%) | 18/174 (10%) | 11/338 (3.3%) |
13–15 | 6/92 (6.5%) | 334/463 (72%) | 77/174 (44%) | 237/338 (70%) |
Missing | 26 | 104 | 74 | 144 |
First blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.0 (0.0, 80) | 118 (97.75, 137) | 110 (90, 130) | 110 (85.5, 135) |
Missing | 50 | 227 | 159 | 204 |
First blood pressure (RTS) | ||||
No carotid | 16/39 (41%) | 48/170 (28%) | 34/88 (39%) | 24/99 (24%) |
Only carotid | 8/39 (21%) | 12/170 (7.1%) | 10/88 (11%) | 7/99 (7.1%) |
Femoral | 3/39 (7.7%) | 12/170 (7.1%) | 6/88 (6.8%) | 7/99 (7.1%) |
Weak radial | 6/39 (15%) | 42/170 (25%) | 19/88 (22%) | 26/99 (26%) |
Clear radial | 6/39 (15%) | 56/170 (33%) | 19/88 (22%) | 35/99 (35%) |
First respiratory rate (RTS) | ||||
0 | 58/87 (67%) | 60/497 (12%) | 44/177 (25%) | 68/353 (19%) |
1–9 | 5/87 (5.7%) | 5/497 (1.0%) | 3/177 (1.7%) | 6/353 (1.7%) |
10–29 | 18/87 (21%) | 327/497 (66%) | 92/177 (52%) | 215/353 (61%) |
> 29 | 6/87 (6.9%) | 105/497 (21%) | 38/177 (21%) | 64/353 (18%) |
Missing | 31 | 70 | 71 | 129 |
Prehospital airway provider | ||||
None | 0/118 (0%) | 3/567 (0.5%) | 27/235 (11%) | 14/421 (3.3%) |
Basic | 1/118 (0.8%) | 33/567 (5.8%) | 5/235 (2.1%) | 23/421 (5.5%) |
Nurse | 53/118 (45%) | 468/567 (83%) | 174/235 (74%) | 305/421 (72%) |
Physician | 64/118 (54%) | 63/567 (11%) | 29/235 (12%) | 79/421 (19%) |
Missing | 13 | 61 | ||
Prehospital transport | ||||
Ground EMS | 85/118 (72%) | 518/567 (91%) | 191/248 (77%) | 357/482 (74%) |
Helicopter EMS | 33/118 (28%) | 46/567 (8.1%) | 17/248 (6.9%) | 50/482 (10%) |
Missing | 0/118 (0%) | 3/567 (0.5%) | 19/248 (7.7%) | 50/482 (10%) |
Other | 21/248 (8.5%) | 25/482 (5.2%) | ||