Table 2 Univariate analysis: Association of variables with hypotension (defined as a new SBP < 90 mmHg ≤ 10 min of induction, or a > 10% drop if SBP was < 90 mmHg pre-PHEA) for adult trauma patients who underwent PHEA in the East of England, 2015–2020
Variable | Coefficient | P-value |
|---|---|---|
Sex | ||
 Male | REF |  |
 Female | 0.230 | 0.183* |
Age/years | ||
 16–34 | REF |  |
 35–54 | 0.120 | 0.547 |
 55–74 | 0.349 | 0.084* |
 75 + | 0.269 | 0.297 |
Estimated patient weight | − 0.002 | 0.691 |
GCS score | − 0.029 | 0.136* |
Suspected injury pattern | ||
 Isolated head injury | REF |  |
 Head injury + thorax/abdomen | 0.749 | < 0.001* |
 No head injury | 0.666 | 0.004* |
Trauma type | ||
 Blunt | REF |  |
 Penetrating | 0.100 | 0.809 |
Mechanism | ||
 Transport | REF |  |
 Accidental Injury | 0.0817 | 0.630 |
 Assault | − 0.354 | 0.375 |
 Self-harm | 0.611 | 0.075* |
 Sport/leisure | − 0.345 | 0.490 |
Shock index (SI) | 0.818 | < 0.001* |
Pre-PHEA SBP/mmHg, | ||
 Mid (90–140) | REF |  |
 Low (< 90) | 0.233 | 0.304 |
 High (> 140) | − 0.998 | < 0.001* |
Pre-PHEA HR/beats/minute | ||
 Mid (60–100) | REF |  |
 Low (< 60) | 0.326 | 0.268 |
 High (> 100) | 0.697 | < 0.001* |
Pre-PHEA RR/breaths/minute | ||
 Mid (10–25) | REF |  |
 High (> 25) | 0.353 | 0.058* |
 Low (< 10) | 0.071 | 0.837 |
PHEA drug regime (fentanyl:ketamine:rocuronium) | ||
 3:2:1 | REF |  |
 1:1:1 | 0.687 | 0.036* |
 0:1:1 | 1.566 | < 0.001* |
 0:0:1 (Roc only) | 1.914 | 0.007* |
 Other | 0.694 | 0.042* |
Indication for PHEA | ||
 Reduced consciousness | REF |  |
 Airway obstruction/compromise | − 0.004 | 0.984 |
 Ventilatory failure | 0.523 | 0.017* |
 Agitated head injury | − 0.174 | 0.503 |
 Anticipated clinical course | − 0.070 | 0.807 |
 Other | − 13.250 | 0.976 |
Arrival time to PHEA/minutes | − 0.007 | 0.336 |
Pre-PHEA fluids | ||
 None | REF |  |
 Fluids | 0.558 | < 0.001* |