Table 1 Patient characteristics, physiological variables and PHEA characteristics in adult trauma patients who underwent PHEA in the East of England, 2015–2020, n = 998
Variable | Total n (%) |
|---|---|
Sex/n (%) | |
 Male | 753 (75.5%) |
 Female | 245 (24.5%) |
Age group/n (%) | |
 16–34 | 328 (32.9%) |
 35–54 | 298 (29.9%) |
 55–74 | 254 (25.5%) |
 75 + | 118 (11.8%) |
Estimated patient weight/kg, median [IQR] | 80 [70–80] |
GCS score/median [IQR] | 7 [4–12] |
Suspected injury pattern/n (%) | |
 Isolated head injury | 510 (51.1%) |
 Head injury + thorax/abdomen | 354 (35.5%) |
 No head injury | 134 (13.4%) |
Trauma type/n (%) | |
 Blunt | 964 (96.6%) |
 Penetrating | 34 (3.4%) |
Mechanism/n (%) | |
 Transport | 562 (56.3%) |
 Accidental Injury | 313 (31.4%) |
 Assault | 50 (5.0%) |
 Self-harm | 42 (4.2%) |
 Sport/leisure | 31 (3.1%) |
Shock index/median [IQR] | 0.71 [0.55–0.95] |
Pre-PHEA SBP/mmHg, n (%) | |
 Low < 90) | 112 (11.2%) |
 Mid (90–140) | 491 (49.2%) |
 High (> 140) | 395 (39.6%) |
Pre-PHEA HR/beats/min, n (%) | |
 Low (< 60) | 84 (8.4%) |
 Mid (60–100) | 468 (46.9%) |
 High (> 100) | 434 (43.5%) |
 NA | 12 (1.2%) |
Pre-PHEA RR/breaths/min, n (%) | |
 Low (< 10) | 59 (5.9%) |
 Mid (10–25) | 458 (45.9%) |
 High (> 25) | 257 (25.8%) |
 NA | 224 (22.4%) |
PHEA drug regime/n (%) | |
 3:2:1 | 303 (30.4%) |
 1:1:1 | 238 (23.9%) |
 0:1:1 | 214 (21.4%) |
 Rocuronium only | 44 (4.4%) |
 Other | 199 (19.9%) |
Indication for PHEA/n (%) | |
 Reduced consciousness | 435 (43.6%) |
 Airway obstruction/compromise | 204 (20.4%) |
 Ventilatory failure | 131 (13.1%) |
 Agitated head injury | 125 (12.5%) |
 Anticipated clinical course | 90 (9.0%) |
 Other | 13 (1.3%) |
Arrival time to PHEA in minutes/median [IQR] | 22 [16–30] |
Pre-PHEA fluids/n (%) | |
 None | 712 (71.3%) |
 Fluids | 286 (28.7%) |
Vasopressor use/n (%) | |
 Not given | 899 (90.1%) |
 Pre RSI | 6 (0.6%) |
 Post RSI ≤ 10 min | 21 (2.1%) |
 Post RSI > 10 min | 46 (4.6%) |
 Post RSI-time unknown | 26 (2.6%) |