Table 1 Implementation methods used to change clinical practice in prehospital anaesthesia
Implementation methods | Target population | Description | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
Preparation together with stakeholders | HEMS crew and representatives of EMS | Multifaceted workshops | 3 months before implementation |
Academic detailing | Physicians | One-on-one discussions aimed to overcome personal doubts | 3 months before and during implementation |
Education: skill station | Physicians, HEMS crew | On-duty training: new laryngoscopy method and standardised communication | 1 month before and during implementation |
Recognition of opinion leaders | Active members of EMS community | Open discussions aimed to encounter questions | 1 month before and during implementation |
Dissemination of information | EMS community, physicians, HEMS crew | RSI protocol and background material easily available and widely distributed | During and after implementation |
Reminders | HEMS crew | Notes on key elements of the protocol placed in working environment | During implementation |
Lectures | Prehospital nurses and technicians | 20 lectures and discussion panels in the cooperation area | During and after implementation |
Simulation | Physicians, HEMS crew, EMS personnel | Simulation training focusing on teamwork | During and after implementation |
E-learning | EMS community | Public YouTube video | During and after implementation |
Audit and feedback | Physicians | Observe deviations from protocol and discuss them | During and after implementation |