Diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination to identify life- and limb-threatening injuries in trauma patients

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with missed injuries as the dependent variable

Parameter	Missed injuries as dependent variable (n = 265)
	Univariate		Multivariate
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p
Patient factors
Age	1.00 (0.991 to 1.01)	0.97
Sex (male)	1.00
Sex (female)	1.46 (0.973 to 2.16)	0.06	1.19 (0.743 to 1.87)	0.47
MOI (blunt)	1.00
MOI (penetrating)	0.704 (0.522 to 0.944)	0.02	1.06 (0.724 to 1.54)	0.78
Not polytrauma	1.00
Polytrauma	1.86 (1.66 to 2.08)	< 0.001	1.83 (1.62 to 2.07)	< 0.001
PH GCS	0.961 (0.929 to 0.994)	0.02	0.999 (0.957 to 1.04)	0.97
PH SBP	0.992 (0.988 to 0.997)	< 0.001	0.993 (0.988 to 0.998)	0.005
PH HR	1.01 (1.00 to 1.01)	0.006	1.01 (1.00 to 1.01)	0.03
Clinician factors
Spec: Emergency Medicine	1.00
Spec: Anesthesiology	1.14 (0.838 to 1.55)	0.4
Spec: Intensive Care	1.04 (0.603 to 1.74)	0.89
Diagnostic Certainty	1.00
Diagnostic Uncertainty	0.921 (0.670 to 1.26)	0.621
Environment factors
Shift Pattern (Dayshift)	1.00
Shift Pattern (Nightshift)	0.959 (0.722 to 1.28)	0.77

The table shows missed life- and limb-threatening injuries (false negatives) as dependent variable. Model statistics represented are Odds Ratios (95% confidence intervals), p values
Referents in the model: for Female Sex was Male, for Penetrating MOI was Blunt, for Polytrauma was Not Polytrauma, for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care base specialty was Emergency Medicine, for Clinician Diagnostic Uncertainty was Clinician Diagnostic Certainty, and for Nightshift was Dayshift
MOI, mechanism of injury; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; Spec, base specialty; Polytrauma, categorical variable meaning ≥ 3 body regions injuried according to abbreviated injury scale (AIS) categories

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