Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population and comparison with the development cohort
PROLOGUE development cohort[14] | COMMUNICATE/PROPHETIC cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | All | CPC 1–2 | CPC 3–5 | p-value | |
n | 671 | 687 | 321 | 366 | |
Sociodemographics | |||||
Age, years, median (IQR) | 63 (52–74) | 65.5 (55.8–75.8) | 62.3 (53.3–72.9) | 69.3 (57.9–78.2) | < 0.001 |
Male gender, n (%) | 453 (67.5) | 493 (71.8) | 252 (78.5) | 241 (65.8) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
Hypertension | 270 (40.2) | 355 (51.7) | 167 (52.0) | 188 (51.5) | 0.89 |
Coronary artery disease | 84 (12.5) | 399 (58.2) | 206 (64.2) | 193 (52.9) | 0.003 |
Congestive heart failure | 32 (4.8) | 96 (14.0) | 38 (11.8) | 58 (15.9) | 0.12 |
COPD/pulmonary disease | 49 (7.3) | 76 (11.1) | 18 (5.6) | 58 (15.9) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 183 (27.3) | 149 (21.7) | 58 (18.1) | 91 (24.9) | 0.03 |
Chronic kidney disease | 66 (9.8) | 93 (13.6) | 38 (11.8) | 55 (15.1) | 0.22 |
End-stage liver disease | 16 (2.4) | 19 (2.8) | 5 (1.6) | 14 (3.8) | 0.07 |
Malignant disease | 62 (9.2) | 75 (10.9) | 22 (6.9) | 53 (14.6) | 0.001 |
Neurological disease | 26 (3.9) | 97 (14.1) | 29 (9.0) | 68 (18.6) | < 0.001 |
Resuscitation parameters | |||||
IHCA, n (%) | 183 (27.3) | 115 (16.8) | 56 (17.4) | 59 (16.2) | 0.65 |
No-flow time, min, median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–0.5) | 2 (0–9) | < 0.001 |
Low-flow time, min, median (IQR) | 20 (10–32) | 15 (10–25) | 10 (5–20) | 20 (11–30) | < 0.001 |
Witnessed cardiac arrest | 460 (68.6) | 555 (80.9) | 292 (91.0) | 263 (72.1) | < 0.001 |
Bystander CPR | 433 (64.5) | 487 (71.0) | 270 (84.1) | 217 (59.5) | < 0.001 |
Initial rhythm, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
VF | 203 (30.3) | 330 (48.2) | 216 (67.3) | 114 (31.3) | |
VT | 32 (4.7) | 18 (5.6) | 14 (3.8) | ||
PEA | 468 (69.7) | 154 (22.5) | 34 (10.6) | 120 (33.0) | |
Asystole | 112 (16.4) | 15 (4.7) | 97 (26.6) | ||
Unknown | 57 (8.3) | 38 (11.8) | 19 (5.2) | ||
Adrenaline | < 0.001 | ||||
No adrenaline | n. a | 245 (37.1) | 167 (54.6) | 78 (22.0) | |
> 0 and < 3 mg | n. a | 204 (30.9) | 81 (26.5) | 123 (34.7) | |
3 mg and more | n. a | 211 (32.0) | 58 (19.0) | 153 (43.2) | |
Arrest aetiology | < 0.001 | ||||
Cardiac cause | 358 (53.4) | 428 (62.8) | 248 (78.5) | 180 (49.2) | |
Other/unknown | 313 (46.6) | 253 (37.2) | 68 (21.5) | 186 (50.8) | |
Clinical/laboratory parameters at ICU admission | |||||
Glasgow Coma Scale, median (IQR) | 3 (3–7) | 3 (3–6) | 5 (3–14) | 3 (3–3) | < 0.001 |
Reactive pupillary light reflex | 367 (54.7) | 514 (83.6) | 277 (97.2) | 237 (71.8) | < 0.001 |
OHCA score, median (IQR) | 34.57 (20.22–47.18) | 21 (6–35) | 8 (−3–21) | 31 (21–45) | < 0.001 |
CAHP score, median (IQR) | 177.31 (122.38–215.78) | 160 (121–194) | 125 (98–152) | 186.50 (160–218) | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 0.6 (0.5–1.8) | 0.50 (0.17–1.75) | 0.34 (0.14–0.92) | 0.79 (0.22–2.69) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 1.2 (1.0–1.7) | 1.12 (0.88–1.4) | 1.04 (0.87–1.22) | 1.20 (0.93–1.56) | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 230 (166–309) | 172.8 (133.2–241.2) | 153.9 (124.2–199.8) | 192.6 (147.6–264.6) | < 0.001 |
Potassium, mmol/l, median (IQR) | 4.1 (3.6–5.1) | 4.2 (3.8–4.7) | 4.2 (3.8–4.7) | 4.3 (3.8–4.8) | 0.31 |
Phosphate, mmol/l, median (IQR) | 2.03 (1.42–2.68) | 1.38 (1.06–1.97) | 1.19 (0.97–1.51) | 1.66 (1.25–2.40) | < 0.001 |
pH, median (IQR) | 7.16 (6.99–7.32) | 7.25 (7.12–7.33) | 7.30 (7.22–7.34) | 7.20 (7.07–7.29) | < 0.001 |
Haemoglobin, g/dl, median (IQR) | 12.4 (10.0–14.3) | 13.5 (12.0–14.9) | 13.8 (12.6–15.0) | 13.1 (11.2–14.6) | < 0.001 |
Sodium, mmol/l, median (IQR) | n. a | 138 (136–141) | 139 (136–141) | 138 (135–141) | 0.038 |
Lactate, mmol/l, median (IQR) | 8.7 (5.5–13.1) | 5.6 (2.9–9.0) | 3.9 (2.1–6.2) | 7.5 (4.9–10.3) | < 0.001 |
Post-cardiac arrest intervention, n (%) | |||||
Intubation | 629 (93.7) | 569 (82.8) | 226 (70.4) | 343 (93.7) | < 0.001 |
Targeted temperature management | 347 (51.7) | 351 (51.1) | 150 (46.7) | 201 (54.9) | 0.032 |
Pharmacological haemodynamic support | n. a | 556 (80.9) | 238 (74.1) | 318 (86.9) | < 0.001 |
Coronary angiography | 276 (41.1) | 444 (64.7) | 256 (79.8) | 188 (51.5) | < 0.001 |