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Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and the level of overtriage

From: Validation of a modified South African triage scale in a high-resource setting: a retrospective cohort study

Patient group

Sensitivity % (95% CI)

Specificity % (95% CI)

PPV % (95% CI)

NPV % (95% CI)

Overtriage % (95% CI)

< 18

69.6 (65.3–73.6)

88.5 (87.8–89.1)

23.1 (20.9–25.3)

98.3 (98.0–98.6)

15.5 (13.7–17.5)

18–65

85.8 (84.6–86.8)

78.4 (78.1–78.7)

16.4 (15.9–16.9)

99.1 (99.0–99.2)

5.1 (4.8–5.4)

> 65

88.0 (86.8–89.2)

71.6 (71.3–72.0)

12.8 (12.3–13.2)

99.2 (99.1–99.3)

2.3 (1.7–3.0)

Medical

91.3 (90.4–92.1)

68.6 (68.3–68.9)

12.9 (12.5–13.3)

99.4 (99.3–99.4)

2.3 (1.8–2.8)

Surgical

77.1 (75.5–78.6)

86.2 (86.0–86.5)

20.3 (19.5–21.0)

98.8 (98.7–98.9)

9.1 (8.6–9.7)

All patients

85.7 (84.8–86.4)

76.2 (76.0–76.4)

14.9 (14.5–15.2)

99.1 (99.0–99.2)

4.1 (3.9–4.2)

  1. Sensitivity—proportion of patients who have the composite outcome (1) death within 24 h after presentation to the emergency room, (2) transfer to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from the ED and/or (3) transfer to the operation room (including coronary angiography) directly from the ED) assigned to high triage levels
  2. Specificity—the proportion of patients who did NOT have the composite outcome that were assigned to low triage levels
  3. PPV- the proportion of patients assigned to high triage levels who have the composite outcome
  4. NPV—the proportion of patients assigned to low triage levels who do not have the composite outcome
  5. Overtriage—the proportion of patients assigned to high triage levels who were discharged from the ED
  6. CI confidence interval, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value