Skip to main content

Table 2 Pain reduction in different subgroups

From: Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate analgesia in prehospital trauma care: an observational cohort study

Subgroup

NRS initial, n (IQR)

NRS after OTFC, n (IQR)

NRS Reduction absolute, n (IQR)

Pain Reduction Percentage (SD)

P value

Men

7 (6–8)

4 (3–6)

3 (2–4)

39.8% (24.6%)

P < 0.0001

Women

7 (5–8)

4 (3–5)

2 (1–3)

37.4% (23.6%)

P < 0.0001

Age < 20

7 (6–8)

4 (3–5)

3 (2–4)

43.8% (26.9%)

P < 0.0001

Age 20–60

7 (5.25–8)

4 (3–5.75)

2 (1–4)

38.1% (23%)

P < 0.0001

Age > 60

7 (5.75–9)

5 (3–7.25)

2.5 (1–4)

34.5% (26.6%)

P < 0.0001

Upper Extremities

7 (6–8)

4 (3–6)

2 (1.75–4)

36.7% (22.4%)

P < 0.0001

Lower Extremities

7 (5–8)

4 (2–5)

3 (1–4)

39.8% (26.2%)

P < 0.0001

Thorax, Abdomen and Spine

7 (6–8)

3 (3–5.5)

3 (2–5)

45.7% (25%)

P < 0.001

  1. Absolute pain reduction in all subgroups was around 40%, showing an efficient analgetic effect of OTFC on a broad range of patients. The subgroups of injuries in the thorax, abdomen and the spinal column combined due to small case load each. Additionally, we could show that absolute reduction in pain (expressed in NRS) was directly proportional to the initial pain level (see Fig. 1, Graph A to C), whereas the relative reduction in pain (expressed in % of initial NRS) was stable throughout the initial intensity of pain
  2. IQR inter-quartile range, SD standard deviation, P significant < 0.05