Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Variable | Total n = 177 |
|---|---|
Age in years | |
Mean, ± SD | 40 ± 17 |
< 20, n (%) | 25 (14.1) |
20–60, n (%) | 130 (73.5) |
≥ 60, n (%) | 22 (12.4) |
Male gender, n (%) | 106 (59.9) |
Pain (NRS) | |
Initial, median (IQR) | 7 (6 to 8) |
After OTFC | 4 (3 to 5) |
Mean pain reduction | 3 (2 to 4) |
Dose of OTFC | |
600 µg, n (%) | 65 (36.7) |
800 µg, n (%) | 112 (63.3) |
Location of Trauma | |
Upper extremity, n (%) | 90 (50.8) |
Lower extremity, n (%) | 81 (45.8) |
Thorax, n (%) | 5 (2.8) |
Abdomen, n (%) | 2 (1.1) |
Spinal column, n (%) | 3 (1.7) |
Adverse Events | |
None, n (%) | 159 (89.8) |
Nausea/Vomiting, n (%) | 8 (4.5) |
Vertigo, n (%) | 10 (5.6) |
Bradypnea, n (%) | 1 (0.5) |
Tachypnea, n (%) | 3 (1.6) |
Major adverse events, n (%) | 0 (0) |
Transport mode to Hospital | |
Ground EMS, n (%) | 137 (77.4) |
Helicopter EMS, n (%) | 40 (22.6) |
Helicopter EMS treatment | |
Additional i.v. line, n (%) | 26 (14) |
Additional i.v. medication, n (%) | 14 (53.9) |
Fentanyl, Ketamine, midazolam, n (%) | 2 (14.3) |
Ketamine, Midazolam, n (%) | 3 (21.3) |
Ketamine, Fentanyl, n (%) | 2 (14.3) |
Fentanyl, n (%) | 5 (35.7) |
Ketamine, n (%) | 2 (14.3) |