Fig. 2

The box-and-whisker plots give out of hospital and early in-hospital key vital signs. Out of hospital and in-hospital (emergency department) values were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, and significant p values were found for systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.0169), heart rate (p = 0.0169), and SpO₂ (p = 0.0242). Patients with cardiac arrest were excluded from the analysis