Table 1 Demographics of patients with maxillofacial hemorrhage

Male

39 (80)

27 (79)

12 (80)

 > 0.999

Age: median (IQR), y

32 (19–57)

30(19–60)

41.5 (21–49)

0.688

Mechanism of injury

0.186

 Fall

6 (12)

6 (18)

0 (0)

0.159

 Traffic accident

39 (80)

26(76)

13 (87)

0.702

 Others

4 (8)

2 (6)

2 (13)

0.576

SBP

0.137

 ≥ 90

38 (76)

24 (70)

11 (92)

 < 90

11 (22)

10 (30)

1 (8)

GCS score

 < 0.001

 3–8

31 (63)

27 (79)

4 (27)

 9–12

3 (6)

2 (6)

1 (7)

 13–15

15 (31)

5 (15)

10 (67)

Emergency airway management

41 (84)

33 (97)

8 (53)

 < 0.001

Emergency surgical airway

6 (12)

5 (15)

1 (7)

0.652

ISS: median (IQR)

38 (22–50)

43 (33–50)

22 (18–27)

 < 0.001

 Head AIS > 3

24 (49)

22 (65)

2 (13)

0.001

 Chest AIS > 3

12 (25)

10 (29)

2 (13)

0.298

 Abdomen AIS > 3

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Null

 Extremity AIS > 3

1 (2)

1 (3)

0 (0)

1.000

CPR

14 (29)

14 (41.2)

0 (0)

0.002

Intracranial vascular injury

5 (10)

5 (15)

0 (0)

0.306

Skull base fracture

36(74)

27 (80)

9 (60)

0.178

PRBC within 24 h after arrival at ER: median (IQR), units

10 (3–18)

12 (6–20)

2 (0–4)

 < 0.001

ICU admission rate

37 (76)

31 (91)

6 (40)

 < 0.001

LOS: median (IQR), day

14 (6–25)

15 (6–31)

14 (5–17)

0.409

Pre-injury antiplatelets use

1 (2)

1 (3)

0 (0)

0.694

Mortality

13 (27)

12 (35)

1 (7)

0.043