Table 2 Identified injury patterns and patient treatment
From: A characterization of trauma laparotomies in a scandinavian setting: an observational study
Parameter | Number of patients | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
Place of surgery | ||
Trauma bay | 14 | 14.3% |
Operating room | 84 | 85.7% |
Time to surgery after arrival | ||
Trauma center | NA | 12 (20) min |
Operating room | NA | 103 (88) min |
Duration of surgery | ||
Trauma center | NA | 20 (53) min |
Operating room | NA | 88 (68) min |
Charge of senior surgeon | ||
Resident | 23 | 23.5% |
Attending | 75 | 76.5% |
Indication for surgery | ||
Cardiac arrest | 7 | 4.3% |
Haemodynamic instability/shock | 27 | 16.8% |
Penetrating trauma | 64 | 39.8% |
Free air | 21 | 13.0% |
Free fluid | 38 | 23.6% |
Peritoneal reaction | 4 | 2.5% |
Damage control surgery | ||
Yes | 18 | 18.4% |
No | 80 | 81.6% |
Indication for damage control surgery | ||
Haemodynamic instability/shock | 7 | 38.9% |
Planned second look | 8 | 44.4% |
Severe metabolic derangement and/or hypothermia | 3 | 16.7% |
Initiated as laparoscopy | ||
Yes | 12 | 12.2% |
No | 86 | 87.8% |
Blood loss | NA | 365 (1360) ml |
Injuries | ||
Negative laparotomy | 17 | 17.3% |
Stomach, anterior and posterior surface | 14 | 14.3% |
Spleen | 12 | 12.2% |
Duodenum | 4 | 4.1% |
Small intestine | 19 | 19.4% |
Mesentery of small intestine | 24 | 24.5% |
Colon | 22 | 22.4% |
Mesentery of colon | 14 | 14.3% |
Liver/gall bladder | 26 | 26.5% |
Pancreas | 5 | 5.1% |
Diaphragm | 9 | 9.2% |
Retroperitoneum zone I | 15 | 15.3% |
Hematoma | 14 | 93.3% |
Aorta | 2 | 13.3% |
Vena cava | 3 | 20.0% |
Retroperitoneum zone II | 22 | 22.4% |
Right | 12 | 54.5% |
Left | 10 | 45.5% |
Hematoma | 16 | 72.7% |
Kidney | 11 | 50.0% |
Adrenal gland | 2 | 9.1% |
Renal vein | 1 | 4.5% |
Renal artery | 2 | 9.1% |
Ureter | 0 | 0% |
Retroperitoneum zone III | 6 | 6.1% |
Hematoma | 5 | 83.3% |
Iliaca/ureteres | 1 | 16.7% |
Urinary bladder | 0 | 0% |
Fecal contamination | 2 | 2.0% |
Intraperitoneal lesion of rectum | 1 | 1.0% |
Extraperitoneal lesion of rectum | 0 | 0% |
Procedures | ||
Abdominal packing | 16 | 16.3% |
Vacuum Assisted Closure | 16 | 16.3% |
Intestinal resection | 15 | 15.3% |
Splenectomy | 8 | 8.2% |
Hemostatic procedure on the spleen | 3 | 3.1% |
Hemostatic procedure on the liver | 14 | 14.3% |
Suture of intestine/stomach | 31 | 31.6% |
Suture of blood vessel | 10 | 10.2% |
Shunt of blood vessel | 0 | 0% |
Nefrectomy | 1 | 1.0% |
Suture of urinary bladder | 0 | 0% |
Enterostomy | 1 | 1.0% |
Suture of diaphragm | 7 | 7.1% |
Surgical drain | 29 | 29.6% |
Endoscopy | 1 | 1.0% |
Anastomosis | 8 | 8.2% |
Hemostatic procedure on mesentery | 4 | 4.1% |
Suture of mesentery | 11 | 11.2% |
Cholecystectomy | 1 | 1.0% |
Haemodynamic | ||
Cardiac arrest during procedure | 7 | 7.1% |
Systolic blood pressure at "start of surgery" | NA | 90 (20) mmHg |
Lowest systolic blood pressure during surgery | NA | 75 (16) mmHg |
Mean arterial pressure at "start of surgery" | NA | 62 (20) mmHg |
Lowest mean arterial pressure during surgery | NA | 50 (9) mmHg |
Temperature at "start of surgery" | NA | 36.1 (1.4) celcius |
Lowest temperature during surgery | NA | 35.8 (1.5) celcius |
Lowest lactate during surgery | NA | 2.2 (1.5) |
Highest lactate during surgery | NA | 2.5 (1.9) |