Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study cohorts
Variable | Derivation | Internal validation | External validation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
OBSERvE | OBSERvE-DUS | |||
Number of patients, n | 108 | 993 | 357 | 187 |
Female sex | 51 (47.2) | 478 (48.1) | 204 (57.1) | 81 (43.4) |
Age in years | 68 (56–80) | 58 (36–72) | 73 (59–82) | 74 (63–82) |
Reason for admission | ||||
Sepsis/infection | 25 (23.1) | 99 (10.0) | 16 (4.5) | 10 (5.3) |
Cardiovascular | 19 (17.6) | 181 (17.4) | 75 (21.0) | 48 (25.7) |
Neurologic | 12 (11.1) | 278 (28.1) | 79 (21.1) | 42 (22.5) |
Respiratory | 39 (36.1) | 68 (6.9) | 117 (32.8) | 56 (29.9) |
Intoxication | 9 (8.3) | 12 (1.2) | 32 (9.0) | 9 (4.8) |
Hemorrhage | 5 (4.6) | 32 (3.2) | 22 (6.2) | 5 (2.7) |
Other | 9 (8.3) | 319 (32.1) | 16 (4.5) | 17 (9.1) |
Emergency medicine score | ||||
qSOFA score | 1 (1–2) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) |
NEWS score | 7 (5–10) | 0 (1–2) | Not recorded | Not recorded |
Vital sign | ||||
SBP | 121 (90–144) | 139 (125–155) | 140 (103–170) | 128 (100–164) |
SpO2 at room air, % | 91 (84–97) | 98 (97–100) | 94 (84–100) | 96 (89–98) |
RR, breaths/min | 21 (16–27) | 15 (14–16) | 20 (12–35) | 20 (16–28) |
Admission lactate, mmol/l | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 2.5 (1.5–5.6) | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) |
Outcome | ||||
ICU admission | 48 (44.4) | 65 (6.5) | 296 (82.9) | 103 (55.1) |
In-hospital mortality | 17 (15.7) | 23 (2.3) | 89 (24.9) | 29 (15.5) |