Isolated TBI patients (n = 137) | Survivors (n = 118) | Non-survivors (n = 19) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Demographics | ||||||
Age, M | 36.0 (12.5–79.0) | 45.0 (13.0–80.0) | 17.0(11.0–58.0) | 0.112 | ||
Weight, kg | 15.0 (10.0–22.0) | 15.5 (10.0–23.0) | 12.0 (9.0–15.0) | 0.117 | ||
Gender, male, n (%) | 78 (56.9 %) | 69 (58.5 %) | 9 (47.4 %) | 0.456 | ||
Injury severity | ||||||
GCS | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) | 6 (4–8) | 0.001 | ||
PTS | 6 (4–8) | 7 (4–8) | 4 (2–6) | 0.001 | ||
ISS | 16 (9–18) | 16 (9–16) | 16 (9–25) | 0.119 | ||
Mechanism of injury | 0.668 | |||||
Traffic, n (%) | 43 (31.4 %) | 39 (33.1 %) | 4 (21.1 %) | |||
Fall, n (%) | 63 (46.0 %) | 54 (45.8 %) | 9 (47.4 %) | |||
Others, n (%) | 31 (22.6 %) | 25 (21.2 %) | 6 (31.6 %) | |||
Abnormal pupil, n (%) | 44 (32.1 %) | 28 (23.7 %) | 16 (84.2 %) | < 0.001 | ||
Hypotension, n (%) | 12 (8.8 %) | 9 (7.6 %) | 3 (15.8 %) | 0.373 | ||
Laboratory investigations | ||||||
Lactate, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.8–3.4) | 1.2 (0.7–2.7) | 4.4 (2.8–8.3) | < 0.001 | ||
INR | 1.12 (1.03–1.24) | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | 1.22 (1.09–1.49) | 0.027 | ||
APTT, s | 28.6 (25.0-33.2) | 27.7 (24.7–32.7) | 29.7 (27.5–47.4) | 0.034 | ||
Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 143.0 (97.0-190.0) | 150.0 (110.0-194.0) | 71.0 (105.0-157.0) | 0.024 | ||
TT, s | 18.4 (17.3–21.2) | 18.3 (17.1–20.7) | 18.9 (17.9–22.1) | 0.082 | ||
D-dimer, ug/L | 9810 (2385–17,865) | 10,430 (2413–18,458) | 5540 (1570–16,600) | 0.645 | ||
PLT, /uL | 283.0 (214.5-344.5) | 283.0 (216.5–343.0) | 262.0 (203.0-420.0) | 0.830 | ||
Hgb, g/L | 101.0 (81.5-112.5) | 103.0 (81.8-114.3) | 90.0 (78.0-102.0) | 0.044 | ||
WBC, *10^9/L | 15.7 (11.9–21.1) | 15.7 (11.9–21.0) | 14.3 (11.4–21.7) | 0.746 |