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Table 3 Results of the summary effect estimates for the secondary outcomes

From: Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Analysis

Outcome or moderator variables

Number of included studies

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

I2, %

p for mixed-effects meta-regression analysis

Main analysis

Short-term survival

9 [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]

0.71 (0.59–0.85)

86

NA

Subgroup analysis

 Study period

Before 2010

1 [19]

0.58 (0.48–0.70)

0

0.39

After 2010

8 [17, 18, 20,21,22,23,24,25]

0.73 (0.60–0.89)

87

 

 Study region

North America

7 [17,18,19,20,21, 23, 25]

0.74 (0.59–0.94)

88

0.36

Europe

2 [22, 24]

0.62 (0.23–1.69)

40

 

 Selection of vascular access

First attempted vascular access

5 [17, 19,20,21, 25]

0.70 (0.50–0.98)

90

0.90

Actual vascular access

4 [18, 22,23,24]

0.72 (0.49–1.04)

82

 

 EMS response time

Longer than 10 mins

2 [21, 22]

0.59 (0.09–4.02)

67

0.24

Shorter than 10 mins

7 [17,18,19,20, 23,24,25]

0.75 (0.61–0.92)

87

 

 Time to intervention

Timing adjusted in analysis

5 [18, 20, 22, 23, 25]

0.77 (0.64–0.92)

76

0.25

Timing not adjusted in analysis

4 [17, 19, 21, 24]

0.64 (0.39–1.05)

85

 

 Type of effect estimates pooled in analysis

Adjusted effect estimates

6 [18,19,20, 22, 23, 25]

0.73 (0.61–0.88)

82

0.55

Unadjusted effect estimates

3 [17, 21, 24]

0.66 (0.25–1.70)

88

 

 Initial arrest rhythm

Shockable rhythms

4 [19, 20, 23, 25]

0.72 (0.48–1.09)

80

NA

Main analysis

Survival at hospital discharge

7 [18,19,20, 22,23,24,25]

0.66 (0.42–1.04)

89

NA

Subgroup analysis

 Study period

Before 2010

1 [19]

0.40 (0.26–0.61)

0

0.31

After 2010

6 [18, 20, 22,23,24,25]

0.72 (0.44–1.19)

88

 

 Study region

North America

5 [18,19,20, 23, 25]

0.75 (0.47–1.20)

86

0.30

Europe

2 [22, 24]

0.45 (0.0003–521.08)

87

 

 Selection of vascular access

First attempted vascular access

3 [19, 20, 25]

0.64 (0.24–1.69)

90

0.84

Actual vascular access

4 [18, 22,23,24]

0.68 (0.25–1.85)

87

 

 EMS response time

Longer than 10 mins

1 [22]

0.76 (0.47–1.23)

0

0.79

Shorter than 10 mins

6 [18,19,20, 23,24,25]

0.64 (0.37–1.13)

92

 

 Time to intervention

Timing adjusted in analysis

5 [18, 20, 22, 23, 25]

0.83 (0.64–1.08)

66

0.01

Timing not adjusted in analysis

2 [19, 24]

0.34 (0.02–5.91)

31

 

 Type of effect estimates pooled in analysis

Adjusted effect estimates

6 [18,19,20, 22, 23, 25]

0.75 (0.53–1.07)

81

0.06

Unadjusted effect estimates

1 [24]

0.25 (0.13–0.47)

0

 

 Initial arrest rhythm

Shockable rhythms

4 [19, 20, 23, 25]

0.78 (0.44–1.41)

80

NA

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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241