Monitoring tissue oxygenation index using near‐infrared spectroscopy during pre‐hospital resuscitation among out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients: a pilot study

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	ROSC group (n = 26)	Non-ROSC group (n = 55)
Male, n (%)	19 (73.1)	32 (57.1)	0.166
Age (years), mean (SD)	72.4 (13.9)	80.8 (11.8)	0.006
Shockable rhythm, n (%)	7 (26.9)	1 (1.8)	< 0.01
Witness, n (%)	16 (61.5)	9 (16.4)	< 0.01
Bystander CPR, n (%)	10 (38.5)	24 (42.9)	0.707
Time from EMS call to the scene (min), median [IQR]	9 [8-10]	8 [6-10]	0.099
Time from EMS call to the hospital (min), median [IQR]	32 [27–36]	34 [29–40]	0.245
Time during ambulance (min), median [IQR]	8.5 [6-10]	9 [7-12]	0.089
Epinephrine dose during ambulance (mg), median [IQR]	1 [0–2]	1 [0–3]	0.48
Suspected cardiac cause, n (%)	11 (42.3)	3 (5.4)	< 0.01
Blood gas analysis	ROSC group	Non-ROSC group
pH, mean (SD) ^a PaCO₂ (Torr), median [IQR] ^a PaO₂ (Torr), median [IQR] ^a HCO₃⁻ (mmol/L), mean (SD) ^a Blood sugar (mg/dl), median [IQR] ^b Lactate (mmol/L), mean (SD) ^c Potassium (mmol/L), mean (SD) ^d	6.94 (0.19) 65.3 [44.2–90.0] 96.2 [31.0-274.9] 13.8 (6.2) 265 [209–388] 9.7 (4.6) 5.5 (1.5)	6.75 (0.22) 90.5 [67.4122.3] 38.7 [22.5–77.9] 12.7 (5.2) 173 [102–268] 13.4 (4.4) 7.2 (1.7)	< 0.01 0.012 0.007 0.427 0.013 0.002 < 0.01

^aThe number of non-ROSC group was 44
^bThe number of non-ROSC group was 33
^cThe number of non-ROSC group was 38
^dThe number of non-ROSC group was 30
Abbreviations: CPA cardiopulmonary arrest, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, EMS emergency medical services, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, TOI tissue oxygenation index

ISSN: 1757-7241