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Table 4 Results of meta-analysis for all adverse events between direct laryngoscope and video laryngoscope

From: Comparison of adverse events between video and direct laryngoscopes for tracheal intubations in emergency department and ICU patients–a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcomes

Studies, N

Participants, N

Heterogeneity

Heterogeneity Statistical method

Effect Estimate

P values

Rate of EI

18

11,187

P = 0.05; I2 = 39%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.24 [0.18, 0.32]

P < 0.01

Rate of EI (RCT)

7

1232

P = 0.70; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.27 [0.13, 0.57]

P < 0.01

Rate of EI (non-RCT)

11

9955

P = 0.01; I2 = 57%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.24 [0.18, 0.32]

P < 0.01

Rate of EI (CPR)

4

3723

P = 0.44; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.27 [0.15, 0.49]

P < 0.01

Rate of EI (non-CPR)

15

7464

P = 0.03; I2 = 46%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.23 [0.17, 0.31]

P < 0.01

Rate of EI (experienced)

5

1100

P = 0.45; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.44 [0.17, 1.15]

P = 0.09

Rate of EI (inexperienced)

12

9807

P = 0.02; I2 = 50%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.23 [0.17, 0.31]

P < 0.01

Rate of EI (unknown expertise)

1

280

Not applicable

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.38 [0.02, 6.94]

P = 0.51

Incidence of hypoxemia

4

1548

P = 0.35; I2 = 8%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.69, 1.05]

P = 0.14

Incidence of hypoxemia (RCT)

2

510

P = 0.34; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.56, 1.47]

P = 0.70

Incidence of hypoxemia (non-RCT)

2

1038

P = 0.13; I2 = 56%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.66, 1.05]

P = 0.13

Incidence of hypoxemia (experienced)

2

393

P = 0.70; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.05 [0.77, 1.43]

P = 0.76

Incidence of hypoxemia (inexperienced)

2

1155

P = 0.89; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.71 [0.53, 0.96]

P = 0.03

Incidence of severe hypoxemia

8

1739

P = 0.26; I2 = 22%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.83, 1.52]

P = 0.44

Incidence of severe hypoxemia (RCT)

4

787

P = 0.18; I2 = 39%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.11 [0.66, 1.87]

P = 0.39

Incidence of severe hypoxemia (non-RCT)

4

952

P = 0.26; I2 = 26%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.13 [0.78, 1.64]

P = 0.52

Incidence of severe hypoxemia (experienced)

2

393

P = 0.46; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.62, 2.16]

P = 0.65

Incidence of severe hypoxemia (inexperienced)

6

1346

P = 0.14; I2 = 40%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.12 [0.79, 1.58]

P = 0.53

Incidence of aspiration

13

4634

P = 0.98; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.60, 1.16]

P = 0.28

Incidence of aspiration (RCT)

7

1751

P = 0.79; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.52, 1.58]

P = 0.72

Incidence of aspiration (non-RCT)

6

2883

P = 0.92; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.80 [0.53, 1.21]

P = 0.28

Incidence of aspiration (CPR)

1

140

Not applicable

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.58 [0.25, 126.46]

P = 0.28

Incidence of aspiration (non-CPR)

13

4494

P = 0.97; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.59, 1.16]

P = 0.27

Incidence of aspiration (experienced)

6

1769

P = 0.88; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.65 [0.32, 1.32]

P = 0.24

Incidence of aspiration (inexperienced)

7

2865

P = 0.92; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.61, 1.31]

P = 0.57

Incidence of new-onset CA

7

2433

P = 0.20; I2 = 31%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.52 [0.63, 3.66]

P = 0.35

Incidence of new-onset CA (RCT)

4

795

P = 0.56; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.51 [0.73, 16.92]

P = 0.12

Incidence of new-onset CA (non-RCT)

3

1638

P = 0.09; I2 = 58%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.27, 2.70]

P = 0.79

Incidence of new-onset CA (experienced)

1

163

Not applicable

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.04 [0.13, 73.46]

P = 0.49

Incidence of new-onset CA (inexperienced)

6

2270

P = 0.14; I2 = 43%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.42 [0.57, 3.56]

P = 0.45

24 h-mortality

6

1477

P = 0.82; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.29 [0.98, 1.69]

P = 0.07

24 h-mortality (RCT)

3

646

P = 1.00; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.06 [0.49, 19.25]

P = 0.23

24 h-mortality (non-RCT)

3

831

Not applicable

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.23 [0.94, 1.62]

P = 0.13

24 h-mortality (CPR)

1

229

Not applicable

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.23 [0.94, 1.62]

P = 0.13

24 h-mortality (non-CPR)

5

1248

P = 1.00; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.06 [0.49, 19.25]

P = 0.23

24 h-mortality (experienced)

1

164

Not applicable

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.07 [0.13, 74.35]

P = 0.49

24 h-mortality (inexperienced)

5

1313

P = 0.73; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.27 [0.97, 1.67]

P = 0.08

28 d-mortality

7

1821

P = 0.98; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.04 [0.92, 1.19]

P = 0.52

28 d-mortality (RCT)

5

1382

P = 0.90; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.04 [0.86, 1.26]

P = 0.66

28 d-mortality (non-RCT)

2

439

P = 0.82; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.04 [0.88, 1.23]

P = 0.62

28 d-mortality (CPR)

1

229

Not applicable

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.03 [0.86, 1.23]

P = 0.76

28 d-mortality (non-CPR)

6

1592

P = 0.95; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.05 [0.89, 1.24]

P = 0.57

28 d-mortality (experienced)

2

821

P = 0.94; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.22 [0.83, 1.79]

P = 0.32

28 d-mortality (inexperienced)

5

1000

P = 0.99; I2 = 0%

RR (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.88, 1.16]

P = 0.88

  1. Abbreviations: EI Esophageal intubation, CA Cardiac arrest, RCT Randomized controlled trial, CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, RR Risk ratio, M-H Mantel-Haenszel