Table 2 Direct and video laryngoscopy and HEAVEN criteria to predict failure of intubation on the first attempt

Hypoxemia

1.21 (0.81–1.83)

0.352

1.01 (0.76–1.34)

0.928

1.59 (1.01–2.51)

0.0478

1.60 (1.21–2.11)

< 0.001

Extremes of size

2.19 (1.53–3.13)

< 0.001

2.49 (1.99–3.12)

< 0.001

1.77 (1.17–2.69)

0.008

1.72 (1.34–2.21)

< 0.001

Anatomic

3.65 (2.55–5.23)

< 0.001

3.15 (2.49–4.00)

< 0.001

2.87 (1.92–4.28)

< 0.001

2.22 (1.71–2.88)

< 0.001

Vomit/blood/fluid

1.54 (1.18–2.02)

0.002

1.80 (1.50–2.17)

< 0.001

1.70 (1.21–2.38)

0.002

1.95 (1.59–2.38)

< 0.001

Exsanguination

1.74 (0.77–3.91)

0.180

1.24 (0.70–2.21)

0.456

2.48 (1.10–5.59)

0.028

1.55 (0.88–2.76)

0.132

Neck mobility

2.11 (1.76–2.21)

< 0.001

1.51 (1.24–1.84)

< 0.001

1.66 (1.17–2.35)

0.004

1.15 (0.93–1.42)

0.212

Total # criteria

1.97 (1.76–2.21)

< 0.001

1.84 (1.71–1.98)

< 0.001

1.92 (1.69–2.19)

< 0.001

1.66 (1.53–1.80)

< 0.001