Table 1 Demographic and clinical data
Parameter | DL Only (n = 856) | VL Only (n = 3614) | Both DL & VL (n = 667) | Neither (n = 64) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age 0–8 years (%) | 5 (4–7) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (1–4) | 9 (2–17) |
 Age > 70 years (%) | 14 (12–17) | 15 (14–16) | 13 (10–15) | 17 (8–27) |
 Male gender (%) | 66 (63–70) | 68 (67–70) | 70 (67–74) | 80 (70–90) |
Clinical Category | ||||
 Burn (%) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–4) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (1–11) |
 Medical (%) | 21 (18–23) | 18 (17–19) | 17 (14–20) | 17 (10–28) |
 Neurologic (%) | 16 (13–18) | 15 (14–16) | 13 (10–15) | 8 (3–17) |
 Other (%) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (0–8) |
 Trauma (%) | 60 (57–64) | 64 (62–65) | 66 (62–70) | 70 (58–80) |
HEAVEN Criteria | ||||
 Hypoxemia (%) | 9 (7–11) | 9 (8–10) | 10 (8–13) | 9 (2–17) |
 Extremes of size (%) | 10 (8–12) | 13 (12–14) | 13 (11–16) | 11 (3–19) |
 Anatomic (%) | 9 (7–11) | 9 (8–10) | 13 (11–16) | 25 (14–36) |
 Vomit/blood/fluid (%) | 35 (32–38) | 38 (36–39) | 43 (39–47) | 52 (39–64) |
 Exsanguination (%) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (0–8) |
 Neck mobility (%) | 23 (21–26) | 28 (26–29) | 30 (26–33) | 20 (10–30) |
 Total # of criteria (mean) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) |
Intubation Data | ||||
 Performed en route (%) | 10 (8–12) | 10 (9–11) | 8 (6–11) | 8 (1–15) |
 Succinylcholine as paralytic (%) | 80 (77–82) | 75 (74–77) | 79 (76–82) | 77 (66–87) |
 Overall success (%) | 96 (95–98) | 97 (97–98) | 95 (93–96) | 88 (79–96) |
 1st attempt success (%) | 91 (89–93) | 91 (90–92) | 85 (82–88) | 73 (62–83) |
 1st attempt success without oxygen desaturation (%) | 90 (87–91) | 89 (88–90) | 83 (80–86) | 64 (52–75) |