Table 2 Patient demographics and Injury Characteristics

Claydon et al. (2017)

(n = 15)

Range: 41–63

73.3%

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Marasco et al. (2015)

(n = 397)

53.9 (±18.8)

75.1% (n = 298)

Group 1: Isolated Chest Injury: 54.4% (n = 216)

Group 2: Associated ETI: 45.6% (n = 181)

Presence of Flail Segment (in total sample): 53.1% (n = 211)

Not Reported

Group 1:

16.0 (±7.3)

Group 2:

30.1 (±11.6)

p < 0.001

Group 1:

6.8% (n = 15)

Group 2:

14% (n = 26)

p = 0.02

Gordy et al. (2014) (n = 203)

Not reported

71.4% (n = 145)

22% (n = 44) = bilateral rib fractures

7% (n = 15) had flail chest

45% (n = 92) had ETI

5.4 (range: 1–29)

20 (range: 1–59)

2% (n = 4) died due to complications of the injuries

Daoust et al. (2013)

(n = 734)

54 (±17)

63.5% (n = 466)

≥ 1 rib # = 32.3% (n = 237)

≥ 2 rib # = 16.9% (n = 124)

Not Reported

Not Reported

Not Measured or Reported

Marasco et al. (2013)

(n = 46)

Group 1: 57.8 (±17.1)

Group 2: 59.3 (±16.4)

p = 0.72

Group 1:

43.4% (n = 20)

Group 2:

43.4% (n = 20)

p = 1.0

Group 1:

Operative Fixation of rib #

Group 2:

Conservative management of rib #

Group 1:

11.0 (±3.1)

Group2:

11.3 (±4.7)

p = 0.79

Group 1:

35.0 (±11.4)

Group2:

30.0 (±6.3)

p = 0.13

One death prior to discharge from hospital.

Bille et al. (2013) (n = 10)

Median age: 58 years (range: 21–80)

50% (n = 5)

2–3 rib fractures: n = 4

4–6 rib fractures: n = 3

single fracture mal-union: n = 3

100% received rib fixation

Median (range)

Synthes Prosthesis: 3 (1–4)

Stratos Prosthesis: 6 (1–6)

Not reported

No patients died during follow-up period

Sheelat et al. (2012)

(n = 102)

Median age: 56 (range: 19–84)

71.6% (n = 73)

45.1% (n = 46) had haemothorax or pneumothorax

66.7% (n = 68) required chest tube

n = 16 required ventilatory support on intensive care

50.9% (n = 52) = ≤3#

42.2% (n = 43) = > 3#

6.9% (n = 7) = Flail Chest

20.1

61.8% (n = 63) had ISS > 15

Not reported

Fabricant et al. (2013)

(n = 203)

Not reported

71.4% (n = 145)

50% = posterior Fractures

26% = Lateral Fractures

24% = anterior Fractures

5.4 (range: 1–29)

20 (range: 1–59)

2% (n = 4) died due to complications of the injuries

Mayberry et al. (2009)

(n = 15)

Mean age:

60.6 (range: 30–91)

Not reported

Group 1: Isolated BTI: 17.5% (n = 7)

Group 2: ETI: 82.5% (n = 33)

Not measured or reported

30 (±12)

Not reported

Amital et al. (2009) (n = 13)

44.6 (±13 years)

69.2% (n = 9)

100% = lung contusions

23% (n = 3) = sternal #

76.9 (n = 10) = Haemo/pneumothorax

84.6% (n = 11) had > 3 rib #

Not Reported

Not Reported

Leone et al. (2008) (n = 55)

Mean age: 35 (range 22–45)

78% (n = 43)

100% required admission to ICU after BTI

Not Reported

Not Reported

n = 14 died on ICU

n = 5 died after ICU d/c

Kerr-Valentic et al. (2003)

(n = 40)

52 (±18)

(range: 18–100)

67.5% (n = 27)

Isolated BTI: 57.5% (n = 23)

ETI: 42.5% (n = 17)

Divided into four groups:

Group 1 = ≤2 rib fractures with no ETI (n = 8)

Group 2 = ≤2 rib fractures with ETI (n = 6)

Group 3 = ≥3 rib fractures with no ETI (n = 9)

Group 4 = ≥3 rib fractures with ETI (n = 9)

2.7 (±1.7)

≤ 2 rib fractures: 45% (n = 18)

≥ 3 rib fractures: 55% (n = 22)

Not reported

30-day mortality:

2.5% (n = 1)

Mouton et al. (1997)

(n = 23)

50 (range: 38–53)

Not reported

Flail Chest: (n = 23)

100% received fib fixation

Not reported

Not reported

30-day survival: 91.3% (n = 21)

Beal and Oreskovich (1985) (n = 20)

Isolated BTI:

46.6 (range: 32–67)

ETI: 38 (range: 25–55)

Not reported

Group 1: Isolated flail chest (n = 11)

Group 2: Flail chest + ETI (n = 9)

Isolated BTI: 9.3 (range: 4–15)

ETI: 7.5 (range: 1–16)

Isolated BTI: 20.75

ETI: 33

Not reported

Landercasper et al. (1984)

(n = 62)

52 (range: 7–87)

64.2% (n = 46)

Flail Chest: (n = 62)

87% (n = 54) + ETI

92% (n = 57) had one or more concomitant thoracic injuries

Not reported

Not reported

Patients ≤65 years = 7%

Patients ≥66 years = 29%