Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

Table 5 Risk factors for death from 90 days and beyond

From: Mortality, risk factors and causes of death in Swedish patients with open tibial fractures - a nationwide study of 3, 777 patients

	Crude			Adjusted
	HR	95%-CI	p	HR	95%-CI	p
Gender
Men	1.0	ref		1.0	ref
Women	2.39	1.95–2.94	0.005	0.94	0.75–1.17	0.58
Age
15–39	1.0	ref		1.0	ref
40–64	4.28	2.72–6.74	< 0.005	3.67	2.32–5.81	< 0.001
65–101	31.1	20.3–47.8	< 0.005	22.9	14.7–35.7	< 0.001
Amputation
No	1.0	ref		1.0	ref
Yes	2.6	1.60–4.23	< 0.005	1.79	1.08–2.95	0.02
Length of stay
Unit per extra day	1.011	1.009–1.014	< 0.005	1.01	1.009–1.017	< 0.001
Mechanism of injury
Fall from standing height (n = 66)	1.0	ref		1.0	ref
Fall from height (n = 19)	0.51	0.38–0.67	< 0.005	0.59	0.44–0.78	< 0.001
Unprotected road users (n = 8)	0.21	0.15–0.28	< 0.005	0.34	0.25–0.48	< 0.001
Car crash (n = 2)	0.21	0.13–0.36	< 0.005	0.36	0.21–0.62	< 0.001
Other vehicles/objects (n = 4)	0.17	0.10–0.29	< 0.005	0.30	0.18–0.51	< 0.001
Self-destructive injury (n = 3)	0.40	0.18–0.91	0.029	1.20	0.53–2.75	0.66
Else (n = 10)	0.43	0.29–0.63	< 0.005	0.48	0.32–0.72	< 0.001

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ref reference value (adjusted for sex, age, amputation, length of stay (LOS) and mechanism of injury), p p-value, n number of patients

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