Table 1 Polytrauma definitions
Dick [11] | 1999 | Injury to one body cavity (head/thorax/abdomen) plus two long bone and/or pelvic fractures OR injury to two body cavities |
McLain [8] | 1999 | Significant injury (requiring hospital admission and active management) to two or more major organ systems |
Pape 1 [14] | 2000 | ISS ≥ 18 |
DGU [16] | 2002 | Injury with ISS ≥ 16 to several physical regions or organ systems, where at least one injury or the combination of several injuries is life-threatening |
Schalamon [12] | 2003 | A life-threatening injury to two or more body regions |
Blacker [9] | 2004 | At least two injuries that involve at least one vital organ (e.g. lung or liver) and necessitate patient admission to a trauma ICU |
Sikand [15] | 2005 | ISS ≥ 16 |
Zelle [13] | 2005 | Severely injured patients with two or more severe injuries, with at least one injury or the sum of all injuries being life-threatening |
Pape 2 [10] | 2006 | Injuries of at least two long bone fractures, or one life-threatening injury and at least one additional injury, or severe head trauma and at least one additional injury |
Butcher [18] | 2012 | AIS ≥ 3 in at least two body regions |
Berlin definition [17] | 2014 | AIS ≥ 3 in at least two body regions, ISS ≥ 16 plus one out of five physiologic parameters: hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg), level of consciousness (Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8), acidosis (base excess ≤ -6.0), coagulopathy (international normalized ratio ≥1.4/partial thromboplastin time ≥ 40 s), and age (≥ 70 years) |