Table 1 General demographics, characteristics of injury and key features of volume management and their respective change per year

Demographics

Age (years; mean (min-max))

47.0 (43.8–50.3)

43.8

50.3

0.83

<0.001

Male (%; mean (min-max))

72.9 (71.9–74.3)

73.4

71.9

−0.2

0.11

Injury assessment

Penetrating trauma (%; mean (min-max))

4.2 (3.5–5.6)

4.2

4.2

−0.1

0.08

AIS Head ≥3 points (%; mean (min-max))

56.0 (53.0–59.9)

55.4

53.0

−0.3

0.01

AIS Thorax ≥3 points (%; mean (min-max))

58.9 (54.0–61.1)

59.8

59.9

−0.1

0.15

AIS Abdomen ≥3 points (%; mean (min-max))

19.6 (17.3–25.4)

25.4

17.3

−0.9

<0.001

ISS (points; mean (min-max))

28.9 (28.3–29.6)

28.6

28.3

−0.08

0.003

NISS (points; mean (min-max))

35.1 (33.4–36.2)

33.6

34.6

0.04

0.001

Volume administration

Total prehospital volume (ml; mean (min-max))

1282 (1039–1790)

1790

1039

−73.7

<0.001

Prehospital crystalloid fluids (ml; mean (min-max))

931 (1156–837)

1156

849

−30.6

<0.001

Prehospital colloid fluids (ml; mean (min-max))

317 (169–574)

574

169

−39.3

<0.001

Prehospital hyperoncotic fluids (ml; mean (min-max))

34.2 (20.0–59.6)

59.6

20.0

−3.5

<0.001

Total volume at ED (ml; mean (min-max))

2030 (1345–3191)

3191

1416

−222

<0.001

Blood products

RBC units/patient, all (n; mean (min-max))

2.1 (1.6–3.8)

3.8

1.6

−0.21

<0.001

RBC units/patient, if transfused (n; mean (min-max))

8.1 (9.8–7.4)

9.8

7.6

−0.22

<0.001

Patients with ≥1 RBC (%; mean (min-max))

26.0 (18.1–38.7)

38.7

20.6

−2.0

<0.001

Patients receiving MT (%; mean (min-max))

7.1 (4.8–13.4)

13.4

5.2

−0.8

<0.001