Cortisol and alpha-amylase as stress response indicators during pre-hospital emergency medicine training with repetitive high-fidelity simulation and scenarios with standardized patients

Table 1 Salivary alpha-amylase (U/ml) and cortisol levels (nmol/l) at each assessment timepoint

Time-point	Amylase activity	Cortisol concentration
Time-point	[U/ml]	Concentration [nmol/l]	P-value for decrease versus time-point 3
1	38.0 ± 40.7	13.3 ± 7.5	NC
2	51.3 ± 47.2	11.9 ± 6.5	NC
3	54.8 ± 46.3	12.5 ± 6.5	NC
4	35.8 ± 29.0	11.6 ± 5.9	0,0758
5	54.2 ± 45.4	10.8 ± 5.6	0.0134
6	35.2 ± 29.5	9.8 ± 5.0	0.0003
7	52.4 ± 47.4	8.4 ± 4.3	<0.0001
8	41.6 ± 36.2	7.2 ± 3.6	<0.0001
9	60.7 ± 47.2	7.2 ± 3.5	<0.0001
10	33.9 ± 28.4	6.5 ± 3.0	<0.0001
11	51.5 ± 41.4	5.9 ± 2.4	<0.0001
12	44.9 ± 39.5	5.9 ± 3.2	<0.0001
13	61.1 ± 65.5	6.7 ± 3.9	<0.0001
14	58.6 ± 46.5	5.0 ± 2.1	<0.0001

NC, not calculated; NS, not significant.
Data are mean ± standard deviation. Results of post-hoc-analysis comparing cortisol levels at different timepoints are also shown.

ISSN: 1757-7241