Table 4 Characteristics of patients with high depression, anxiety and stress levels at baseline, 3 and 6 months
From: Incidence of depression, anxiety and stress following traumatic injury: a longitudinal study
Characteristics | Baseline DASS-21 | Baseline DASS-21 | Stat | 3 month DASS-21 | 3 month DASS-21 | Stat | 6 month DASS-21 | 6 month DASS-21 | Stat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate and above any subscale | Normal or mild any subscale | Moderate and above any subscale | Normal or mild any subscale | Moderate and above any subscale | Normal or mild any subscale | ||||
No. participants | 114 | 87 | 50 | 73 | 28 | 81 | |||
Mean age (yrs)^ (SD) [Range] | 50 (18) [18–89] | 48 (18) [17–94] | p = 0.32 | 48 (17) [20–88] | 52 (16) [21–94] | p = 0.20 | 50 (17) [20–82] | 53 (16) [23–94] | p = 0.36 |
Gender* | |||||||||
Female | 34 (29.8%) | 17 (19.5%) | p = 0.97 | 15 (30%) | 16 (21.9%) | p = 0.31 | 8 (28.6%) | 19 (23.5%) | p = 0.59 |
Male | 80 (70.2%) | 70 (80.5%) | 35 (70%) | 57 (78.1%) | 20 (71.4%) | 62 (76.5%) | |||
Injury Severity Score (ISS) median (IQR)+ | 8 (4–14) | 9 (5–14) | p = 0.62 | 9 (5–17) | 8 (5–13) | p = 0.37 | 9.5 (4–21.5) | 9 (5–13) | p = 0.55 |
Polytrauma* | |||||||||
Yes | 77 (67.5%) | 66 (75.9%) | p = 0.20 | 40 (80%) | 52 (71.2%) | p = 0.27 | 16 (57.1%) | 64 (79%) | p = 0.02 |
No | 37 (32.5%) | 21 (24.1%) | 10 (20%) | 21 (28.8%) | 12 (42.9%) | 17 (21%) | |||
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission* | |||||||||
Yes | 13 (11.4%) | 6 (6.9%) | p = 0.28 | 9 (18%) | 4 (5.5%) | p = 0.03 | 6 (21.4%) | 6 (7.4%) | p = 0.04 |
No | 101 (88.6%) | 81 (93.1%) | 41 (82%) | 69 (94.5%) | 22 (78.6%) | 75 (92.6%) | |||
Injury mechanism* | |||||||||
Fall > 1 metre | 32 (28.1%) | 24 (27.6%) | p = 0.18 | 14 (28%) | 18 (24.7%) | p = 0.08 | 9 (32.1%) | 21 (25.9%) | p = 0.27 |
MVC driver | 31 (27.2%) | 13 (14.9%) | 10 (20%) | 16 (21.9%) | 8 (28.6%) | 16 (19.8%) | |||
MBC rider | 17 (14.9%) | 15 (17.2%) | 9 (18%) | 12 (16.4%) | 6 (21.4%) | 14 (17.3%) | |||
Pedal cyclist | 8 (7%) | 15 (17.2%) | 3 (6%) | 16 (21.9%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (18.5%) | |||
Violence | 4 (3.5%) | 19 (21.8%) | 5 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.1%) | 2 (2.5%) | |||
Pedestrian | 5 (4.4%) | 6 (6.9%) | 3 (6%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3.7%) | |||
MVC passenger | 3 (2.6%) | 5 (5.7%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (3.6%) | 2 (2.5%) | |||
Industrial | 5 (4.4%) | 3 (3.4%) | 1 (2%) | 5 (6.8%) | 2 (7.1%) | 3 (3.7%) | |||
MBC passenger | 4 (3.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.5%) | |||
Penetrating | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Other | 3 (2.6%) | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3.7%) |