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Table 4 Characteristics of patients with high depression, anxiety and stress levels at baseline, 3 and 6 months

From: Incidence of depression, anxiety and stress following traumatic injury: a longitudinal study

Characteristics

Baseline DASS-21

Baseline DASS-21

Stat

3 month DASS-21

3 month DASS-21

Stat

6 month DASS-21

6 month DASS-21

Stat

 

Moderate and above any subscale

Normal or mild any subscale

 

Moderate and above any subscale

Normal or mild any subscale

 

Moderate and above any subscale

Normal or mild any subscale

 

No. participants

114

87

 

50

73

 

28

81

 

Mean age (yrs)^ (SD) [Range]

50 (18) [18–89]

48 (18) [17–94]

p = 0.32

48 (17) [20–88]

52 (16) [21–94]

p = 0.20

50 (17) [20–82]

53 (16) [23–94]

p = 0.36

Gender*

         

Female

34 (29.8%)

17 (19.5%)

p = 0.97

15 (30%)

16 (21.9%)

p = 0.31

8 (28.6%)

19 (23.5%)

p = 0.59

Male

80 (70.2%)

70 (80.5%)

 

35 (70%)

57 (78.1%)

 

20 (71.4%)

62 (76.5%)

 

Injury Severity Score (ISS) median (IQR)+

8 (4–14)

9 (5–14)

p = 0.62

9 (5–17)

8 (5–13)

p = 0.37

9.5 (4–21.5)

9 (5–13)

p = 0.55

Polytrauma*

         

Yes

77 (67.5%)

66 (75.9%)

p = 0.20

40 (80%)

52 (71.2%)

p = 0.27

16 (57.1%)

64 (79%)

p = 0.02

No

37 (32.5%)

21 (24.1%)

 

10 (20%)

21 (28.8%)

 

12 (42.9%)

17 (21%)

 

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission*

         

Yes

13 (11.4%)

6 (6.9%)

p = 0.28

9 (18%)

4 (5.5%)

p = 0.03

6 (21.4%)

6 (7.4%)

p = 0.04

No

101 (88.6%)

81 (93.1%)

 

41 (82%)

69 (94.5%)

 

22 (78.6%)

75 (92.6%)

 

Injury mechanism*

         

Fall > 1 metre

32 (28.1%)

24 (27.6%)

p = 0.18

14 (28%)

18 (24.7%)

p = 0.08

9 (32.1%)

21 (25.9%)

p = 0.27

MVC driver

31 (27.2%)

13 (14.9%)

 

10 (20%)

16 (21.9%)

 

8 (28.6%)

16 (19.8%)

 

MBC rider

17 (14.9%)

15 (17.2%)

 

9 (18%)

12 (16.4%)

 

6 (21.4%)

14 (17.3%)

 

Pedal cyclist

8 (7%)

15 (17.2%)

 

3 (6%)

16 (21.9%)

 

0 (0%)

15 (18.5%)

 

Violence

4 (3.5%)

19 (21.8%)

 

5 (10%)

0 (0%)

 

2 (7.1%)

2 (2.5%)

 

Pedestrian

5 (4.4%)

6 (6.9%)

 

3 (6%)

1 (1.4%)

 

0 (0%)

3 (3.7%)

 

MVC passenger

3 (2.6%)

5 (5.7%)

 

2 (4%)

1 (1.4%)

 

1 (3.6%)

2 (2.5%)

 

Industrial

5 (4.4%)

3 (3.4%)

 

1 (2%)

5 (6.8%)

 

2 (7.1%)

3 (3.7%)

 

MBC passenger

4 (3.5%)

0 (0%)

 

1 (2%)

1 (1.4%)

 

0 (0%)

2 (2.5%)

 

Penetrating

2 (1.8%)

1 (1.1%)

 

1 (2%)

1 (1.4%)

 

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

Other

3 (2.6%)

2 (2.3%)

 

1 (2%)

2 (2.7%)

 

0 (0%)

3 (3.7%)

 
  1. *Chi-Square test +Mann–Whitney U test ^t-test.