Table 2 Airway management characteristics of 1151 patients receiving rescue intubation according the number of failed attempts
Management characteristics at first rescue intubations | Number of failed attempts before first rescue intubation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 or more | |
(n = 761) | (n = 342) | (n = 48) | |
Method | Â | Â | Â |
Oral without medication | 394 (52) | 162 (47) | 22 (46) |
Sedation without paralytics | 136 (18) | 85 (25) | 15 (33) |
Rapid sequence intubation | 171 (22) | 71 (21) | 9 (19) |
Surgical cricothyrotomy | 17 (2) | 8 (2) | 1 (2) |
Other* | 43 (6) | 16 (3) | 1 (2) |
Device | Â | Â | Â |
Direct laryngoscope | 601 (79) | 276 (81) | 39 (81) |
Video laryngoscope | 74 (10) | 28 (8) | 5 (10) |
Other†| 87 (11) | 38 (11) | 4 (8) |
Specialty of intubator | Â | Â | Â |
Transitional year resident‡ | 53 (7) | 20 (6) | 3 (6) |
Emergency medicine resident | 240 (32) | 127 (37) | 18 (38) |
Emergency physician§ | 376 (49) | 146 (43) | 19 (40) |
Other specialty | 92 (12) | 49 (14) | 8 (17) |
Major adverse events | Â | Â | Â |
Cardiac arrest | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) |
Hypotension | 9 (!) | 8 (2) | 1 (2) |
Hypoxemia | 11 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (2) |