Table 2 Changes in oxygen content and extraction after hemorrhage and resuscitation with lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution or normal saline (NS) in pigs
Baseline | Resuscitation | 3 h | 6 h | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Arterial O 2 (mmHg) | ||||
Control | 475 ± 18 | 460 ± 15 | 497 ± 16 | 470 ± 15 |
LR | 493 ± 15 | 513 ± 10 | 515 ± 15 | 499 ± 11 |
NS | 478 ± 25 | 474 ± 21 | 490 ± 17 | 470 ± 16 |
Arterial CO 2 (mmHg) | ||||
Control | 47 ± 4 | 48 ± 4 | 45 ± 3 | 45 ± 4 |
LR | 44 ± 3 | 43 ± 3 | 45 ± 3 | 43 ± 2 |
NS | 47 ± 2 | 43 ± 2 | 44 ± 2 | 44 ± 1 |
Venous O2 (mmHg) | ||||
Control | 55 ± 5 | 60 ± 4 | 58 ± 5 | 50 ± 5 |
LR | 56 ± 2 | 53 ± 3 | 36 ± 1*♣ | 36 ± 1*♣ |
NS | 54 ± 2 | 53 ± 2 | 46 ± 2*♣ | 43 ± 1*♣§ |
Venous CO2 (mmHg) | ||||
Control | 60 ± 5 | 57 ± 4 | 50 ± 3 | 51 ± 5 |
LR | 53 ± 2 | 50 ± 2 | 56 ± 2 | 56 ± 1 |
NS | 59 ± 5 | 50 ± 2 | 55 ± 1 | 55 ± 1 |
Arterial oxygen content (ml O2/dL blood) | ||||
Control | 13.8 ± 0.6 | 13.8 ± 0.5 | 13.6 ± 0.3 | 13.3 ± 0.7 |
LR | 14.7 ± 0.3 | 7.6 ± 0.3*♣ | 8.5 ± 0.6*♣ | 7.8 ± 0.4*♣ |
NS | 13.2 ± 0.9 | 6.4 ± 0.4*♣ | 7.9 ± 0.4*♣ | 7.3 ± 0.4*♣ |
Venous oxygen content (ml O2/dL blood) | ||||
Control | 9.9 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.7 | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 0.9 |
LR | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2*♣ | 3.5 ± 0.2*♣ | 3.1 ± 0.2*♣ |
NS | 8.6 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.3*♣ | 4.2 ± 0.3*♣ | 3.8 ± 0.3*♣ |
Oxygen extraction (%) | ||||
Control | 28 ± 4 | 29 ± 3 | 32 ± 3 | 32 ± 3 |
LR | 28 ± 2 | 43 ± 2* | 57 ± 3* | 60 ± 3* |
NS | 35 ± 5 | 36 ± 3 | 47 ± 3* | 49 ± 3* |