Reference | MAP calibration level1 | Main findings | Level of evidence2 | Grade of recommendation2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Changaris et al., 1987[5] | *MAP measured at heart level | All patients with CPP < 60 mmHg on the second post-injury day died. More patients had a good outcome when CPP > 80 mmHg. | III | C |
McGraw, 1989[6] | NA | The likelihood of good outcome was higher, and mortality lower when CPP > 80 mmHg. | III | C |
Rosner and Daughton, 1990[7] | Supine position. Systemic ABP, transducer at same level as ICP | CPP actively kept >70 mmHg gave the same morbidity rates as previous methods. | III | C |
Cruz, 1998[8] | "ICP and MAP levelled in relation to the head tilt" | Monitoring cerebral extraction of oxygen in conjunction with CPP gave better outcome than when CPP is managed alone. | III | C |
Robertson et al., 1999[2] | MAP measures at the same level as ICP | CPP > 70 mmHg increased the risk of ARDS. | II | B |
Juul et al., 2000[9] | *Arterial line, head level | CPP > 60 mmHg had no influence on outcome. | III | C |
Contant et al., 2001[1] | NA | Increased risk of ARDS when CPP > 70 mmHg. | III | C |
Andrews et al., 2002[3] | NA | Low CPP and hypotension were predictors of death and poor outcome. | III | C |
Clifton et al., 2002[10] | NA | Poor outcome was associated with a CPP < 60 mmHg. No benefit by maintaining CPP > 70 mmHg. | III | C |
Steiner et al., 2002[11] | NA | Optimal CPP for each patient was calculated. Patients whose CPP varied above or below had a worse outcome. | III | C |
Howells et al., 2005[12] | *MAP measured in mid-axillary line | Patients with intact auto-regulation had better outcomes with CPP > 70 mmHg. Patients with defect auto-regulation had better outcome with ICP targeted care. | III | C |