Factors correlating with delayed trauma center admission following traumatic brain injury

Table 4 Multivariate analysis showing pre-hospital factors associated with direct trauma center admission

Variable	OR (95% CI)	p-Value
Age	1.02 (1.00-1.04)	0.098
Male	3.82 (1.60-9.13)	0.003
EMS dispatch urgency
Urgent (A-B)	1.0
Non-urgent (C-D)	0.75 (0.33-1.71)	0.500
Incident location
Home	1.0
Public place	0.26 (0.11-0.61)	0.002
Other/Unknown	2.15 (0.70-6.59)	0.181
Injury energy
Low	1.0
High	0.05 (0.01-0.28)	0.001
Pre-hospital physician
Consulted	0.15 (0.06-0.39)	< 0.001
Present (called to the scene)	0.08 (0.03-0.22)	< 0.001
Documented unconsciousness	0.62 (0.27-1.41)	0.256
Hypoxia	1.02 (0.42-2.44)	0.972
Hypotension	0.09 (0.01-0.93)	0.044
Major extra cranial injury	0.17 (0.05-0.55)	0.003
Abnormal pupillary light reflex	0.26 (0.09-0.73)	0.010
Field GCS
3-12	1.0
13-15	1.64 (0.72-3.76)	0.240
Blood alcohol level (‰)
0.0	1.0
< 2.3	0.99 (0.19-5.33)	0.995
> 2.3	12.44 (2.14-72.38)	0.005

Odds ratios over one indicating an increased likelihood of direct admission and odds ratios under one indicating a decreased likelihood of direct admission (i.e. increased likelihood of delayed admission). Abbreviations: OR= odds ratio, CI= confidence interval, GCS= glasgow coma scale, EMS= emergency medical service.

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