Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

∙ Blood lactate assessment in the acute setting: pre-hospital, emergency department, trauma centre, or intensive care unit

∙ Abstract only

∙ Any age

∙ Case study

∙ Single or serial lactate measured in arterial, venous, or capillary blood

∙ Fewer than 40 patients included

∙ Outcome measure: in-hospital mortality

∙ Based on specific types of post-operative patients

∙ Written in English

∙ Human studies