Table 1 Toxidromes
Toxidrome | Site of Action | Signs and symptoms |
|---|---|---|
Opioid | opioid receptor | sedation, miosis, decreased bowel sounds, decreased respirations |
Anticholinergic | muscurinic acetylcholine receptors | altered mental status, sedation, hallucinations, mydriasis, dry skin, dry mucous membranes, decreased bowel sounds and urinary retention |
Sedative-hypnotic | gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors | sedation, normal pupils, decreased respirations |
Sympathomimetic | alpha and beta adrenergic receptors | agitation, mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, diaphoresis |
Cholinergic | nicotinic and muscurinic acetylcholine receptors | altered mental status, seizures, miosis, lacrimation, diaphoresis, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia |
Serotonin syndrome | serotonin receptors | altered mental status, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia |