Table 3 Predictive model variables.

1

Age

Continuous

Number

The patient's age at the time of injury.

2

Gender

Nominal

1 = Female

2 = Male

3 = Unknown

The patient's gender.

3

Dominating Type of Injury

Nominal

1 = Blunt

2 = Penetrating

3 = Unknown

Indication of the type of injury produced by the trauma.

4

Mechanism of Injury

Nominal

1 = Traffic: motor vehicle injury (car, pickup truck, van, heavy transport vehicle, bus)

2 = Traffic: motorcycle injury

3 = Traffic: bicycle injury

4 = Traffic: pedestrian

5 = Traffic: other (ship, airplane, railway train)

6 = Shot by handgun, shotgun, rifle, other firearm of any dimension

7 = Stabbed by knife, sword, dagger, other pointed or sharp object

8 = Struck or hit by blunt object (tree, tree branch, bar, stone, human body part, metal, other)

9 = Low energy fall (fall at the same level)

10 = High energy fall (fall from a higher level)

11 = Other

12 = Unknown

The mechanism (or external factor) that caused the injury event.

The cut-off level for a fall should be defined as the person's height.

5

Intention of injury

Nominal

1 = Accident (unintentional)

2 = Self-inflicted (suspected suicide, incomplete suicide attempt, or injury attempt)

3 = Assault (suspected)

4 = Other

5 = Unknown

Information about the role of human intent in the occurrence of an injury, primarily determined by the incident and not by the resulting injury.

6

Pre-injury ASA-PS Classification System

Ordinal

1 = A normal healthy patient

2 = A patient with mild systemic disease

3 = A patient with severe systemic disease

4 = A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

5 = A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without the operation

6 = A declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes

7 = Unknown

The pre-injury co-morbidity existing before the incident. Derangements resulting from the injury should not be considered.

7

Pre-hospital cardiac arrest

Nominal

1 = No

2 = Yes

3 = Unknown

Did the patient suffer an injury-related pre-hospital cardiac arrest?

8

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) upon arrival of EMS personnel at scene

Ordinal

Number

First recorded pre-interventional GCS upon arrival at scene of medical personnel trained to assess.

9

GCS motor component upon arrival of EMS personnel at scene

Ordinal

6 = Obeys commands/appropriate response to pain

5 = Localising pain

4 = Withdrawal from pain

3 = Flexion to pain (decorticate)

2 = Extension to pain (decerebrate)

1 = No motor response

First recorded pre-interventional GCS motor component upon arrival at scene of medical personnel trained to assess.

10

GCS upon arrival in ED/hospital

Ordinal

Number

First recorded GCS upon arrival in the ED/hospital.

11

GCS motor component upon arrival in ED/hospital

Ordinal

6 = Obeys commands/appropriate response to pain

5 = Localising pain

4 = Withdrawal from pain

3 = Flexion to pain (decorticate)

2 = Extension to pain (decerebrate)

1 = No motor response

Fist recorded GCS motor component upon arrival in the ED/hospital.

12a

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) upon arrival of EMS personnel at scene

Continuous

Number

First recorded SBP upon arrival at scene of medical personnel trained to assess.

12b

SBP – clinical category – upon arrival of EMS personnel at scene

Ordinal

RTS 4 = >89 ("good radial pulse")

RTS 3 = 76–89 ("weak radial pulse")

RTS 2 = 50–75 ("femoral pulse")

RTS 1 = 1–49 ("only carotid pulse")

RTS 0 = 0 ("no carotid pulse")

First recorded SBP upon arrival at scene of medical person trained to assess.

13a

SBP upon arrival in ED/hospital

Continuous

Number

First recorded SBP upon arrival in the ED/hospital.

13b

SBP – clinical category – upon arrival in ED/hospital

Ordinal

RTS 4 = >89 ("good radial pulse")

RTS 3 = 76–89 ("weak radial pulse")

RTS 2 = 50–75 ("femoral pulse")

RTS 1 = 1–49 ("only carotid pulse")

RTS 0 = 0 ("no carotid pulse")

First recorded SBP upon arrival in the ED/hospital.

14a

Respiratory Rate (RR) upon arrival of EMS personnel at scene

Continuous

Number

First recorded RR upon arrival at scene of medical personnel trained to assess.

14b

RR – clinical category – upon arrival of EMS personnel at scene

Ordinal

RTS 4 = 10–29 ("normal")

RTS 3 = >29 ("fast")

RTS 2 = 6–9 ("slow")

RTS 1 = 1–5 ("gasp")

RTS 0 = 0 ("no respiration")

First recorded RR upon arrival at scene of medical personnel trained to assess.

15a

RR upon arrival in ED/hospital

Continuous

Number

First recorded RR upon arrival in the ED/hospital.

15b

RR – clinical category – upon arrival in ED/hospital

Ordinal

RTS 4 = 10–29 ("normal")

RTS 3 = >29 ("fast")

RTS 2 = 6–9 ("slow")

RTS 1 = 1–5 ("gasp")

RTS 0 = 0 ("no respiration")

First recorded RR on arrival in the ED/hospital.

16

Arterial Base Excess

Continuous

Number

First measured arterial base excess after arrival in the hospital.

17

Coagulation: INR

Continuous

Number

Use the first measured INR within the first hour after hospital arrival.

18

Number of days on ventilator

Continuous

Number

The total number of patient days spent on a mechanical ventilator (including all episodes).

Record in full day increments with any partial day listed as a full day.

19

Length of stay in main hospital treating the patient

Continuous

Number

Calculate 'Date of discharge' minus 'Date of admission' from the reporting hospital.

20

Discharge destination

Nominal

1 = Home

2 = Rehabilitation

3 = Morgue

4 = Another CCU (higher treatment level)

5 = Another intermediate or low care somatic hospital ward

6 = Other

7 = Unknown

The patient's destination after end of acute care in the main hospital treating the patient.

CCU = critical care unit.

21

Glasgow Outcome Scale – at discharge from main hospital

Ordinal

5 = Good Recovery

4 = Moderate Disability (Disabled but independent)

3 = Severe Disability (Conscious but disabled; depends upon others)

2 = Persistent vegetative state (unresponsive)

1 = Death

0 = Unknown

Glasgow Outcome Scale score at discharge from main hospital.

22

Survival status

Nominal

1 = Dead

2 = Alive

3 = Unknown

Alive or dead 30 days after injury.

23

Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)

Ordinal

Number

The AIS severity codes that reflect the patient's injuries.

All injuries should be listed, even duplicated codes (e.g., bilateral femoral fractures, multiple spine fractures). The edition of the AIS coding dictionary should be indexed; AIS 2005 is recommended.