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  1. In this review, we assess the state of Resuscitative Endovascular Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) today with respect to out-of-hospital (OOH) vs. inhospital (H) use in blunt and penetrating trauma, as well as d...

    Authors: Marianne A. Thrailkill, Kevin H. Gladin, Catherine R. Thorpe, Teryn R. Roberts, Jae H. Choi, Kevin K. Chung, Corina N. Necsoiu, Todd E. Rasmussen, Leopoldo C. Cancio and Andriy I. Batchinsky
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:8
    Content type: Review Published on:

  2. The role of ambulance services is shifting, due in part to more intermediate, non-urgent patients who do not require direct emergency department conveyance, yet who cannot be safely left at home alone. Evidenc...

    Authors: Joanna M. Blodgett, Duncan J. Robertson, Elspeth Pennington, David Ratcliffe and Kenneth Rockwood
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:4
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has affected prehospital care systems across the world, but the prehospital presentation of affected patients and the extent to which prehospital care pro...

    Authors: Douglas Spangler, Hans Blomberg and David Smekal
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:3
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  4. The COVID-19 outbreak requires a permanent adaptation of practices. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is also involved and we evaluated these changes in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

    Authors: Valentine Baert, Deborah Jaeger, Hervé Hubert, Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou, Guillaume Debaty, Tahar Chouihed and François Javaudin
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:119
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  5. The current COVID-19 pandemic is highlighting gaps around the world in the design and workflow of Emergency Departments (ED). These gaps have an impact on both patient care and staff safety and represent a ris...

    Authors: Gayathri Devi Nadarajan, Eunizar Omar, Benjamin S. Abella, Pei Shan Hoe, Sang Do Shin, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma and Marcus Eng Hock Ong
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:118
    Content type: Review Published on:

  6. Multiple trauma in mountain environments may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to urban environments.

    Authors: G. Sumann, D. Moens, B. Brink, M. Brodmann Maeder, M. Greene, M. Jacob, P. Koirala, K. Zafren, M. Ayala, M. Musi, K. Oshiro, A. Sheets, G. Strapazzon, D. Macias and P. Paal
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:117
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. It is customary to believe that a patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score less than or equal to 8 should be intubated to avoid aspiration. We conducted a systematic review to establish if patients with G...

    Authors: Daniele Orso, Luigi Vetrugno, Nicola Federici, Natascia D’Andrea and Tiziana Bove
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:116
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Major incidents are defined as: An event or situation with a range of serious consequences, which require special arrangements to be implemented by one, or more emergency responder agency. The ability for a he...

    Authors: Dominic Hampson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:115
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  9. COVID-19 outbreak lead to nationwide lockdown in Finland on the March 16th, 2020. Previous data regarding to the patient load in the emergency departments during pandemics is scarce. Our aim is to describe the...

    Authors: Ilari Kuitunen, Ville T. Ponkilainen, Antti P. Launonen, Aleksi Reito, Teemu P. Hevonkorpi, Juha Paloneva and Ville M. Mattila
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:114
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  10. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) diagnosis currently requires quite a long time span. A quicker and more efficient diagn...

    Authors: Thomas Langer, Martina Favarato, Riccardo Giudici, Gabriele Bassi, Roberta Garberi, Fabiana Villa, Hedwige Gay, Anna Zeduri, Sara Bragagnolo, Alberto Molteni, Andrea Beretta, Matteo Corradin, Mauro Moreno, Chiara Vismara, Carlo Federico Perno, Massimo Buscema…
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:113
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  11. Mechanical ventilation in helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) environments is a procedure which carries a significant risk of complications. Limited data on the quality and performance of mechanical ve...

    Authors: Peter Hilbert-Carius, Manuel F. Struck, Veronika Hofer, Jochen Hinkelbein, Leif Rognås, Jörn Adler, Michael D. Christian, Thomas Wurmb, Michael Bernhard and Björn Hossfeld
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:112
    Content type: Original research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2021 29:34

  14. In-hospital resuscitation practices have changed by necessity in the Covid-19 era, principally due to precautions intended to protect caregivers from infection. This has resulted in serious delays in resuscita...

    Authors: John A. Stewart
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:109
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  15. With the “Artemis”-mission mankind will return to the Moon by 2024. Prolonged periods in space will not only present physical and psychological challenges to the astronauts, but also pose risks concerning the ...

    Authors: Jochen Hinkelbein, Steffen Kerkhoff, Christoph Adler, Anton Ahlbäck, Stefan Braunecker, Daniel Burgard, Fabrizio Cirillo, Edoardo De Robertis, Eckard Glaser, Theresa K. Haidl, Pete Hodkinson, Ivan Zefiro Iovino, Stefanie Jansen, Kolaparambil Varghese Lydia Johnson, Saskia Jünger, Matthieu Komorowski…
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:108
    Content type: Guideline Published on:

  16. COVID-19 presents challenges to the emergency care system that could lead to emergency department (ED) crowding. The Huddinge site at the Karolinska university hospital (KH) responded through a rapid transform...

    Authors: Björn af Ugglas, Niclas Skyttberg, Andreas Wladis, Therese Djärv and Martin J. Holzmann
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:107
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  17. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency. Here, we developed and validated a practical model based on the data from a multi-center cohort in China for early identification ...

    Authors: Yiwu Zhou, Yanqi He, Huan Yang, He Yu, Ting Wang, Zhu Chen, Rong Yao and Zongan Liang
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:106
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  18. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Sigurd Mydske and Øyvind Thomassen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:105
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:77

  19. Handling and initiating of treatment in a prehospital setting are complex processes that involve many treatment options and include several parts of the chain of survival. Capacity to adapt to unexpected chang...

    Authors: Elisabeth Jeppesen and Siri Wiig
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:104
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  20. Variation in the incidence, survival rate and factors associated with survival after cardiac arrest in Europe is reported. Some studies have tried to fill the knowledge gap regarding the epidemiology of out-of...

    Authors: Ingvild B. M. Tjelmeland, Siobhan Masterson, Johan Herlitz, Jan Wnent, Leo Bossaert, Fernando Rosell-Ortiz, Kristin Alm-Kruse, Berthold Bein, Gisela Lilja and Jan-Thorsten Gräsner
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:103
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  21. As an adjunct to physical examination, ultrasound is a potentially attractive option for diagnosing pneumothoraces in the pre-hospital and retrieval environment – and could confer a benefit to patient safety. ...

    Authors: James Ronaldson, Christopher E. J. Moultrie, Alasdair R. Corfield and Evelyn McElhinney
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:102
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  22. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a promising treatment for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Most studies evaluating the effectiveness of ECPR include patients with an ini...

    Authors: Atsunori Tanimoto, Kazuhiro Sugiyama, Maki Tanabe, Kanta Kitagawa, Ayumi Kawakami and Yuichi Hamabe
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:101
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  23. Quality indicators (QI) for physician staffed emergency medical services (P-EMS) are necessary to improve service quality. Mortality can be considered the ultimate outcome QI. The process quality of care in P-...

    Authors: Helge Haugland, Anna Olkinuora, Leif Rognås, David Ohlén and Andreas Krüger
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:100
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  24. Maintaining effective oxygenation throughout the process of Pre-Hospital Emergency Anaesthesia (PHEA) is critical. There are multiple strategies available to clinicians to oxygenate patients both prior to and ...

    Authors: Adam J. Boulton, Amar Mashru and Richard Lyon
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:99
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  25. In-hospital cardiac arrest is a major burden in health care. Although several track-and-trigger systems are used to predict cardiac arrest, they often have unsatisfactory performances. We hypothesized that a d...

    Authors: Joon-myoung Kwon, Kyung-Hee Kim, Ki-Hyun Jeon, Soo Youn Lee, Jinsik Park and Byung-Hee Oh
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:98
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  27. Optimal management of out of hospital circulatory arrest (OHCA) remains challenging, in particular in patients who do not develop rapid return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary ...

    Authors: Jens Nee, Roland Koerner, Daniel Zickler, Tim Schroeder, Philipp Enghard, Lutz Nibbe, Dietrich Hasper, Robert Buder, Christoph Leithner, Christoph J. Ploner, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Christian Storm and Jan M. Kruse
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:96
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  28. Trauma in the elderly (≥ 65 years) population is increasing. This study compares the performance of trauma scoring systems in predicting 30-day mortality among the traumatised elderly patients admitted to the ...

    Authors: Rebecca Egglestone, David Sparkes and Ahilanandan Dushianthan
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:95
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  29. COVID-19, the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is challenging healthcare systems worldwide. Little is known about problems faced by emergency medical services—particularl...

    Authors: Peter Hilbert-Carius, Jörg Braun, Fikri Abu-Zidan, Jörn Adler, Jürgen Knapp, Didier Dandrifosse, Désirée Braun, Urs Pietsch, Patrick Adamczuk, Leif Rognås and Roland Albrecht
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:94
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  30. A big-data-driven and artificial intelligence (AI) with machine learning (ML) approach has never been integrated with the hospital information system (HIS) for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in...

    Authors: Pei-I Zhang, Chien-Chin Hsu, Yuan Kao, Chia-Jung Chen, Ya-Wei Kuo, Shu-Lien Hsu, Tzu-Lan Liu, Hung-Jung Lin, Jhi-Joung Wang, Chung-Feng Liu and Chien-Cheng Huang
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:93
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  31. Massive hemothorax secondary to thoracic spinal fractures is rare, and its clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis are unknown. We present two cases of thoracic spinal fracture-induced massive hemot...

    Authors: Kohei Ninomiya, Akira Kuriyama and Hayaki Uchino
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:92
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  32. Positive outcomes from infant cardiac arrest depend on the effective delivery of resuscitation techniques, including good quality infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (iCPR) However, it has been established th...

    Authors: Debora Almeida, Carol Clark, Michael Jones, Phillip McConnell and Jonathan Williams
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:91
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  33. Paediatric resuscitation is rare but potentially associated with maximal lifetime reduction. Notably, several nations experience high infant mortality rates even today. To improve clinical outcomes and promote...

    Authors: Sean S. Scholz, Rainer Borgstedt, Leoni C. Menzel, Sebastian Rehberg and Gerrit Jansen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:90
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  34. The Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) commonly intubates patients who require advanced airway support prior to takeoff. In-flight intubation (IFI) is avoided because it is considered difficult due to...

    Authors: Hiroki Maeyama, Hiromichi Naito, Francis X. Guyette, Takashi Yorifuji, Yuki Banshotani, Daisaku Matsui, Tetsuya Yumoto, Atsunori Nakao and Makoto Kobayashi
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:89
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  35. To evaluate the associations between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at admission and 6-month mortality and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treated by hypothermic targeted temperature manageme...

    Authors: Junhaeng Lee, Joo Suk Oh, Jong Ho Zhu, Sungyoup Hong, Sang Hyun Park, Ji Hoon Kim, Hyungsoo Kim, Mingu Seo, Kiwook Kim, Doo Hyo Lee, Hyun Ho Jung, Jungtaek Park, Young Min Oh, Semin Choi and Kyoung Ho Choi
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:88
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  36. Mild traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of arrivals to emergency department due to trauma in the 65-year-old population and over. Recent studies conducted in ED suggested a low intracranial lesion pre...

    Authors: Xavier Dubucs, Frederic Balen, Eric Schmidt, Mathieu Houles, Sandrine Charpentier, Charles-Henri Houze-Cerfon and Dominique Lauque
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:87
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  37. Well-prepared humanitarian workers are now more necessary than ever. Essential to the preparation process are: clearly defined learning objectives, curricula tailored to the nuances of humanitarian settings, s...

    Authors: Alba Ripoll-Gallardo, Luca Ragazzoni, Ettore Mazzanti, Grazia Meneghetti, Jeffrey Michael Franc, Alessandro Costa and Francesco della Corte
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:86
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  38. Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide, with the highest rates of fatality among young children. To decide how to treat these patients prehospitally could be challenging in...

    Authors: Steinar Einvik, Andreas Jorstad Kruger and Sven Erik Gisvold
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:85
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Emergency medical services regularly encounter severe burns. As standards of care are relatively well-established regarding their hospital management, prehospital care is comparatively poorly defined. The aim ...

    Authors: Ludovic Maudet, Mathieu Pasquier, Olivier Pantet, Roland Albrecht and Pierre-Nicolas Carron
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:84
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  40. The measurement of lactate in emergency medical services has the potential for earlier detection of shock and can be performed with a point-of-care handheld device. Validation of a point-of-care handheld devic...

    Authors: Anette Raa, Geir Arne Sunde, Bjørn Bolann, Reidar Kvåle, Christopher Bjerkvig, Håkon S. Eliassen, Tore Wentzel-Larsen and Jon-Kenneth Heltne
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:83
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  41. Elevated blood lactate levels were reported as useful predictors of clinical outcome and mortality in critically ill patients. To identify higher-risk patients, this investigation evaluated the relationship be...

    Authors: Michael Bernhard, Stephanie Döll, Andre Kramer, Lorenz Weidhase, Thomas Hartwig, Sirak Petros and André Gries
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:82
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  42. In Sweden, the rapid emergency triage and treatment system (RETTS-A) is used in the pre-hospital setting. With RETTS-A, patients triaged to the lowest level could safely be referred to a lower level of care. T...

    Authors: Carl Magnusson, Johan Herlitz and Christer Axelsson
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:81
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  43. Rapid access to emergency medical communication centers (EMCCs) is pivotal to address potentially life-threatening conditions. Maintaining public access to EMCCs without delay is crucial in case of disease out...

    Authors: Y. Penverne, B. Leclere, J. Labady, F. Berthier, J. Jenvrin, F. Javaudin and E. Montassier
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:80
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  46. Optimal prehospital management and treatment of patients with accidental hypothermia is a matter of frequent debate, with controversies usually revolving around the subject of rewarming. The rule of thumb in p...

    Authors: Sigurd Mydske and Øyvind Thomassen
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:77
    Content type: Review Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:105

  47. Therapeutic controlled cooling is routinely practiced on neonates with core temperatures of 33–34 °C attained during cooling for birth related hypoxic-ischaemia encephalopathy (HIE). Rewarming after therapeuti...

    Authors: Peter Jones, Camille Joly and Benoît Vivien
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:76
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  48. There is limited information on the predictive accuracy of commonly used predictors, such as lactate, pH or serum potassium for the survival among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with hypothermi...

    Authors: Yohei Okada, Takeyuki Kiguchi, Taro Irisawa, Kazuhisa Yoshiya, Tomoki Yamada, Koichi Hayakawa, Kazuo Noguchi, Tetsuro Nishimura, Takuya Ishibe, Yoshiki Yagi, Masafumi Kishimoto, Hiroshi Shintani, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Taku Sogabe, Takaya Morooka, Haruko Sakamoto…
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:75
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  49. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are faced daily with patients presenting with a non-specific chief complaints (NSC); i.e. decreased general condition, general malaise, sense of illness, or just being unable t...

    Authors: Robert Ivic, Lisa Kurland, Veronica Vicente, Maaret Castrén and Katarina Bohm
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:74
    Content type: Original research Published on:

  50. Hospital incident command groups’ (HICG) performance may have a profound impact on hospital response to major incidents. Previous research has assessed hospital incident command group capacity as opposed to pe...

    Authors: Jason P. Murphy, Lisa Kurland, Monica Rådestad and Anders Rüter
    Citation: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2020 28:73
    Content type: Original research Published on:

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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

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