Table 2 Comparison of patients conveyed and non-conveyed by the ambulance service
Variable | Overall, N = 3545 | Non-conveyed, N = 1434 | Conveyed, N = 2111 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.021 | |||
Female | 2021 (57%) | 851 (59%) | 1170 (55%) | |
Male | 1524 (43%) | 583 (41%) | 941 (45%) | |
Age | 83 (75, 89) | 84 (76, 90) | 83 (75, 89) | < 0.001 |
Ethnicity | 0.012 | |||
Not stated | 579 (19%) | 260 (21%) | 319 (17%) | |
Other ethnic backgrounds | 28 (0.9%) | 15 (1.2%) | 13 (0.7%) | |
White British | 2430 (79%) | 931 (76%) | 1499 (81%) | |
White other | 41 (1.3%) | 15 (1.2%) | 26 (1.4%) | |
Unknown | 467 | 213 | 254 | |
Registrant present | < 0.001 | |||
Non-registered | 647 (18%) | 208 (15%) | 439 (21%) | |
Paramedic | 2568 (72%) | 952 (66%) | 1616 (77%) | |
Specialist Paramedic | 330 (9.3%) | 274 (19%) | 56 (2.7%) | |
Priority | < 0.001 | |||
Category 1 | 62 (1.8%) | 12 (0.8%) | 50 (2.4%) | |
Category 2 | 1279 (36%) | 355 (25%) | 924 (44%) | |
Category 3 | 2135 (60%) | 1027 (72%) | 1108 (53%) | |
Category 4 | 61 (1.7%) | 36 (2.5%) | 25 (1.2%) | |
Unknown | 8 | 4 | 4 | |
MOI | < 0.001 | |||
Fall | 3252 (92%) | 1345 (94%) | 1907 (90%) | |
Fall > 2m | 91 (2.6%) | 4 (0.3%) | 87 (4.1%) | |
Not reported | 45 (1.3%) | 18 (1.3%) | 27 (1.3%) | |
Other | 122 (3.4%) | 55 (3.8%) | 67 (3.2%) | |
RTC | 35 (1.0%) | 12 (0.8%) | 23 (1.1%) | |
Preinjury medications | ||||
Aspirin | 479 (14%) | 182 (13%) | 297 (14%) | 0.2 |
Clopidogrel | 290 (8.2%) | 97 (6.8%) | 193 (9.1%) | 0.011 |
DOAC | 696 (20%) | 111 (7.7%) | 585 (28%) | < 0.001 |
Warfarin | 185 (5.2%) | 27 (1.9%) | 158 (7.5%) | < 0.001 |
Preinjury comorbidities | ||||
Alcohol dependence | 100 (2.8%) | 40 (2.8%) | 60 (2.8%) | > 0.9 |
Alzheimer's disease | 214 (6.0%) | 103 (7.2%) | 111 (5.3%) | 0.018 |
Atrial fibrillation | 630 (18%) | 171 (12%) | 459 (22%) | < 0.001 |
CKD | 173 (4.9%) | 88 (6.1%) | 85 (4.0%) | 0.004 |
COPD | 251 (7.1%) | 78 (5.4%) | 173 (8.2%) | 0.002 |
Dementia | 814 (23%) | 413 (29%) | 401 (19%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellites | 442 (12%) | 140 (9.8%) | 302 (14%) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure | 143 (4.0%) | 47 (3.3%) | 96 (4.5%) | 0.059 |
Hypertension | 1140 (32%) | 434 (30%) | 706 (33%) | 0.047 |
Ischemic Heart disease | 74 (2.1%) | 25 (1.7%) | 49 (2.3%) | 0.2 |
Myocardial infarction | 120 (3.4%) | 25 (1.7%) | 95 (4.5%) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 281 (7.9%) | 92 (6.4%) | 189 (9.0%) | 0.006 |
Clinical assessment | ||||
Focal neurological deficit | 1031 (29%) | 229 (16%) | 802 (38%) | < 0.001 |
Visible head injury | 2654 (75%) | 1046 (73%) | 1608 (76%) | 0.030 |
Abnormal GCS score | 276 (7.8%) | 33 (2.3%) | 243 (12%) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate (br/pm) | 18.0 (16.0, 18.0) | 17.0 (16.0, 18.0) | 18.0 (16.0, 18.5) | < 0.001 |
Sp02 (%) | 97.00 (96.00, 98.00) | 97.00 (96.00, 98.00) | 97.00 (96.00, 98.00) | 0.044 |
Heart rate (bpm | 78 (68, 88) | 76 (68, 85) | 79 (68, 89) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure | 145 (130, 164) | 140 (126, 156) | 150 (131, 170) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 80 (70, 90) | 78 (70, 85) | 80 (70, 92) | < 0.001 |
GCS score | 15.00 (14.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (15.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (14.00, 15.00) | 0.2 |
GCS components | ||||
Eye | 0.047 | |||
Open | 3394 (96%) | 1362 (95%) | 2032 (96%) | |
Verbal | 94 (2.7%) | 43 (3.0%) | 51 (2.4%) | |
Pain | 34 (1.0%) | 21 (1.5%) | 13 (0.6%) | |
Closed | 23 (0.6%) | 8 (0.6%) | 15 (0.7%) | |
Voice | 0.006 | |||
Normal | 2643 (75%) | 1082 (75%) | 1561 (74%) | |
Confused | 775 (22%) | 285 (20%) | 490 (23%) | |
Incomprehensible | 45 (1.3%) | 23 (1.6%) | 22 (1.0%) | |
Inappropriate | 37 (1.0%) | 17 (1.2%) | 20 (0.9%) | |
Unresponsive | 45 (1.3%) | 27 (1.9%) | 18 (0.9%) | |
Motor | > 0.9 | |||
Obeys | 3442 (97%) | 1394 (97%) | 2048 (97%) | |
Localises | 57 (1.6%) | 22 (1.5%) | 35 (1.7%) | |
Withdraws | 33 (0.9%) | 13 (0.9%) | 20 (0.9%) | |
Extensor | 4 (0.1%) | 2 (0.1%) | 2 (< 0.1%) | |
No response | 9 (0.3%) | 3 (0.2%) | 6 (0.3%) | |
AcVPU | < 0.001 | |||
Alert | 3282 (93%) | 1336 (93%) | 1946 (92%) | |
Confused | 158 (4.5%) | 40 (2.8%) | 118 (5.6%) | |
Verbal | 41 (1.2%) | 19 (1.3%) | 22 (1.0%) | |
Pain | 35 (1.0%) | 21 (1.5%) | 14 (0.7%) | |
Unresponsive | 29 (0.8%) | 18 (1.3%) | 11 (0.5%) |