Table 2 Hemodynamic variables, intracranial pressure and brain oxygenation
From: Resuscitation speed affects brain injury in a large animal model of traumatic brain injury and shock
Group | Baseline | Post 2 hour shock | Post resuscitation and 6 hour observation* | p-value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heart rate (Beats/min) | FFP Fast | 110.83 ± 9.83 | 182.67 ± 6.66 | 144.94 ± 7.45 | 0.27 |
FFP Slow | 112.20 ± 3.12 | 215.80 ± 8.84 | 156.83 ± 7.13 | ||
NS Fast | 108.00 ± 10.33 | 177.00 ± 17.60 | 123.51 ± 6.70 | 0.01 | |
NS Slow | 97.00 ± 4.11 | 204.67 ± 8.18 | 149.00 ± 6.16 | ||
MAP (mmHg) | FFP Fast | 73.83 ± 3.59 | 31.66 ± 0.0.99 | 55.90 ± 0.93 | 0.05 |
FFP Slow | 64.40 ± 2.69 | 34.20 ± 3.01 | 53.39 ± 0.86 | ||
NS Fast | 77.50 ± 6.82 | 32.25 ± 0.95 | 52.93 ± 1.41 | 0.01 | |
NS Slow | 59.17 ± 3.64 | 30.00 ± 0.52 | 46.92 ± 1.30 | ||
spO2 (%) | FFP Fast | 94.86 ± 0.40 | 92.00 ± 1.57 | 94.22 ± 0.52 | 0.06 |
FFP Slow | 94.00 ± 0.89 | 90.00 ± 2.63 | 92.79 ± 0.49 | ||
NS Fast | 94.25 ± 0.48 | 92.50 ± 3.88 | 94.05 ± 0.34 | <0.01 | |
NS Slow | 94.00 ± 0.52 | 94.17 ± 1.19 | 91.37 ± 0.43 | ||
MPAP (mmHg) | FFP Fast | 19.33 ± 1.69 | 12.17 ± 3.16 | 15.12 ± 1.26 | <0.01 |
FFP Slow | 16.00 ± 1.70 | 20.60 ± 4.82 | 23.11 ± 1.17 | ||
NS Fast | 20.75 ± 1.32 | 14.50 ± 6.00 | 18.93 ± 0.85 | 0.66 | |
NS Slow | 17.33 ± 1.82 | 14.67 ± 1.99 | 20.22 ± 1.16 | ||
CVP (mmHg) | FFP Fast | 2.50 ± 1.50 | −3.83 ± 1.85 | −0.07 ± 0.92 | 0.03 |
FFP Slow | 2.40 ± 1.81 | −0.60 ± 2.34 | 2.85 ± 0.85 | ||
NS Fast | 5.00 ± 0.71 | 0.01 ± 1.78 | 3.50 ± 1.08 | 0.90 | |
NS Slow | 3.50 ± 1.25 | −7.50 ± 8.56 | 3.31 ± 0.99 | ||
Cardiac Output (l/min) | FFP Fast | 5.17 ± 0.51 | 1.85 ± 1.13 | 4.81 ± 1.50 | 0.03 |
FFP Slow | 5.90 ± 0.27 | 2.38 ± 0.46 | 5.45 ± 1.14 | ||
NS Fast | 5.65 ± 0.49 | 1.75 ± 0.15 | 4.37 ± 0.12 | <0.01 | |
NS Slow | 5.77 ± 0.55 | 2.05 ± 0.37 | 6.35 ± 0.10 | ||
ICP (mmHg) | FFP Fast | 7.33 ± 0.71 | 5.29 ± 0.97 | 9.10 ± 0.72 | 0.02 |
FFP Slow | 3.40 ± 1.36 | 1.80 ± 1.74 | 6.36 ± 0.68 | ||
NS Fast | 5.75 ± 0.48 | 5.87 ± 1.63 | 9.39 ± 0.83 | 0.11 | |
NS Slow | 4.00 ± 1.13 | −0.33 ± 1.08 | 7.50 ± 0.76 | ||
Brain pO2 (mmHg) | FFP Fast | 14.80 ± 2.63 | 7.37 ± 1.48 | 10.42 ± 2.33 | 0.87 |
FFP Slow | 13.76 ± 2.68 | 6.20 ± 1.29 | 9.90 ± 2.28 | ||
NS Fast | 12.00 ± 1.14 | 5.87 ± 1.63 | 10.32 ± 1.90 | 0.09 | |
NS Slow | 13.87 ± 3.65 | 8.90 ± 3.96 | 14.54 ± 1.56 | ||
Stroke volume (ml/stroke) | FFP Fast | 47.51 ± 3.90 | 10.41 ± 0.94 | 33.26 ± 1.64 | 0.25 |
FFP Slow | 52.55 ± 1.50 | 11.48 ± 2.88 | 35.90 ± 1.54 | ||
NS Fast | 53.15 ± 5.12 | 10.10 ± 0.96 | 42.93 ± 4.63 | 0.87 | |
NS Slow | 58.86 ± 3.25 | 10.18 ± 2.09 | 41.92 ± 4.28 | ||
SVR (dyn*s/cm 5 ) | FFP Fast | 1137.63 ± 3.34 | 1566.77 ± 163.67 | 1052.75 ± 65.90 | 0.04 |
FFP Slow | 850.13 ± 61.00 | 1280.60 ± 149.39 | 761.63 ± 22.42 | ||
NS Fast | 1059.18 ± 163.17 | 1482.81 ± 51.77 | 921.40 ± 19.42 | <0.01 | |
NS Slow | 822.37 ± 107.35 | 1468.74 ± 132.93 | 573.41 ± 17.92 |