Table 5 Diagnostic accuracy measures with 95% confidence intervals of reduced left ventricular function (any), B-lines, pleural effusion alone and in different combinations

Any reduced LV function (mild or severe)

(Valid* n= 176)

0.74 (0.67–0.8)

74.7% (64–84)

73.2% (63–82)

69.4% (59–79)

78% (68–86)

2.79 (1.96–3.97)

0.35 (0.23–0.51)

Severely reduced LV function

(Valid* n= 176)

0.69 (0.64–0.75)

43% (32–55)

95.9% (90–99)

89.5% (75–97)

67.4% (59–75)

10.4 (3.87–28.16)

0.59 (0.49–0.72)

B lines any side

(Valid* n= 190)

0.72 (0.65–0.78)

76.8% (66–85)

66.7% (57–75)

63.6% (53–73)

79.1% (69–87)

2.30 (1.72–3.09)

0.35 (0.23–0.53)

Bilateral B-lines

(Valid* n= 186)

0.73 (0.67–0.8)

70.9% (60–81)

75.7% (67–84)

68.3% (57–78)

77.9% (69–85)

2.92 (2.03–4.19)

0.38 (0.27–0.55)

Pleural effusion any side

(Valid* n= 177)

0.64 (0.57–0.71)

42.7% (31–55)

85.3% (77–92)

68.1% (53–81)

66.9% (58–75)

2.9 (1.70–4.96)

0.67 (0.54–0.83)

Bilateral pleural effusion

(Valid* n= 178)

0.59 (0.53–0.65)

25.7% (16–37)

92.3% (85–97)

70.4% (40–86)

63.6% (55–71)

3.34 (1.54–7.21)

0.81 (0.7–0.93)

Severely reduced LV function and bilateral b-lines

(Valid* n= 190)

0.65 (0.59–0.7)

31.2% (21–43)

98.2% (94–100)

92.3% (75–99)

67.7% (60–75)

17.61 (4.29–72.36)

0.7 (0.6–0.82)

Severely reduced LV function and bilateral pleural effusion

(Valid* n= 191)

0.55 (0.52–0.59)

11.5% (5–21)

99.1% (95–100)

90% (56–100)

61.9% (54–69)

13.04 (1.69–100.85)

0.89 (0.82–0.97)

Bilateral B-lines and bilateral pleural effusion

(Valid* n= 181)

0.57 (0.52–0.62)

16.7% (9–27)

97.2% (92–99)

80% (52–96)

63.6% (56–71)

6.06 (1.77–20.71)

0.86 (0.77–0.95)

Any of severely reduced LV function or bilateral b-lines or bilateral pleural effusion

(Valid* n= 169)

0.75 (0.69–0.81)

87.8% (79–94)

62.1% (51–72)

68.6% (58.8–77.3)

84.4% (73–92)

2.31 (1.75–3.06)

0.2 (0.11–0.36)

Severely reduced LV function and bilateral b-lines and bilateral pleural effusion

(Valid* n= 191)

0.55 (0.51–0.58)

10.4% (4–19)

99.1% (95–100)

88.9% (52–100)

62.1% (55–69)

11.84 (1.51–92.8)

0.9 (0.84–0.98)