Table 2 Patient with NRS > 4 after trauma or non-trauma
Trauma | Non-trauma | Test | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of cases | 4,608 | 282 | ||
Age: mean (SD) | 9.8 (SD 4.9) | 11.4 (4.5) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 2789 (60.5%) | 124 (44.0%) | ||
Female | 1702 (36.9%) | 152 (53.9%) | ||
Missing | 117 (2.5%) | 6 (2.1%) | ||
NRS at EMS arrival: mean (SD) | 6.9 (1.5) | 6.7 (1.5) | U | 0.029 |
Missing | 0 | 0 | ||
NRS at EMS arrival > 4 | 4608 (100%) | 282 (100%) | ||
Missing | 0 | 0 | ||
NRS at hospital admission: mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.4) | 2.7 (1.7) | U | p < 0.001 |
Missing | 56 | 4 | ||
NRS at hospital admission > 4 | 228 (4.9%) | 45 (16.0%) | Chi2 | p < 0.001 |
Missing | 56 (1.2%) | 4 (1.4%) | ||
Opioid therapy | 2858 (62.0%) | 101 (35.8%) | Chi2 | p < 0.001 |
Therapy with strong opioids*a | 1882 (40.8%) | 46 (16.3%) | ||
Therapy with less strong opioid*b | 976 (21.2%) | 55 (19.5%) | ||
Ketamine | 1590 (34.5%) | 8 (2.8%) | Chi2 | p < 0.001 |
NSAID therapy | Chi2 | p < 0.001 | ||
No NSAID therapy | 4283 (92.9%) | 147 (52.1%) | ||
NSAID and opioid | 181 (3.9%) | 39 (13.8%) | ||
NSAID mono | 144 (3.1%) | 96 (34.0%) | ||
No pain medication | 432 (9.4%) | 80 (28.4%) | Chi2 | p < 0.001 |
Development of pain during EMS treatment*c | Chi2 | p < 0.001 | ||
Pain reduction (= 1 scale point) | 60 (1.3%) | 12 (4.3%) | ||
Effective pain reduction (> = 2 scale point) | 4366 (95.9%) | 240 (86.3%) | ||
No change | 123 (2.7%) | 25 (9.0%) | ||
Increase of pain (> = 1 scale point) | 3 (0.1%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
Missing | 56 | 4 | ||