Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age at symptom onset, years, mean (SD)

73 (± 13)

70 (± 13)

67 (± 15)

80 (± 9)

74 (± 13)

65 (± 17)

Sex, female, n (%)

56 (43%)

8 (38%)

1 (25%)

0 (0%)

6 (27%)

56 (49%)

Minutes from ictus to blood collection, median (IQR)

80 (56–126)

50 (40–85)

141 (95–201)

76 (67–160)

78 (59–100)

78 (50–140)

NIHSS at blood collection, median (IQR)

4 (3–7)

12 (7–15)

9 (4–24)

4 (3–10)

4 (1–5)

3 (1–5)

GFAP (pg/mL), median (IQR)

268 (171–514)

1484 (310–5370)

718 (381–12,496)

585 (360–897)

212 (139–481)

192 (109–386)

PreSS part 1 positive, n (%)

127 (97%)

21 (100%)

4 (100%)

6 (86%)

16 (73%)

94 (82%)

PreSS part 2 positive, n (%)

32 (25%)

13 (62%)

2 (50%)

4 (67%)

2 (13%)

17 (18%)

Prehospital inclusion, n (%)

106 (81%)

15 (71%)

4 (100%)

6 (86%)

17 (77%)

100 (88%)

Treated with tPA, n (%)

110 (84%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

33 (29%)

Treated with EVT, n (%)

10 (8%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Comorbidities

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

19 (15%)

4 (20%)

0 (0%)

2 (29%)

5 (23%)

15 (13%)

Diabetes, n (%)

17 (13%)

4 (20%)

0 (0%)

1 (14%)

7 (32%)

17 (15%)

Heart disease, n (%)

48 (37%)

7 (33%)

1 (25%)

4 (57%)

14 (64%)

27 (24%)

Hypertension, n (%)

75 (57%)

16 (76%)

1 (25%)

4 (57%)

18 (82%)

55 (49%)

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

33 (25%)

5 (25%)

1 (25%)

1 (14%)

6 (29%)

16 (15%)

Smoking^a, n (%)

23 (23%)

1 (8%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (11%)

17 (20%)

Obesity, n (%)

10 (18%)

3 (30%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (13%)

6 (11%)

Previous AIS, TIA or ICH, n (%)

30 (23%)

7 (33%)

1 (25%)

2 (29%)

9 (41%)

37 (33%)

Pathology

LVO, n (%)

27 (21%)