Method | Indicator | Confirmed | Partially confirmed | No effect found |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lectures | Knowledge | 57, 36, 41, 51, 63, 89, 91 | 53, 56, 82 | 52, 46, 62, 85 |
Performance | 28, 26, 29, 36 | Â | 32 | |
Self-rep. preparedness | 41, 43, 44 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | 71, 51, 52, 54 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | 46 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | 64 | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | 43, 54, 55 | Â | 53, 46, 56 | |
Real-life scenario training | Knowledge | 34, 63, 40, 51, 91, 89 | 53, 56, 82 | 45 |
Performance | 34, 26, 27, 40, 29 | Â | 32 | |
Self-rep. preparedness | 43, 44 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | 45, 51 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | 45, 47 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | 34, 64 | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | 34, 43, 47, 84,55 | Â | 40, 56, 53 | |
Discussion-based learning | Knowledge | 79, 34, 83, 41, 36, 63, 40, 91, 33 | 53, 56, 82 | 52, 46, 85 |
Performance | 34, 36, 40 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. preparedness | 41 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | 86, 88, 71, 52 | 49 | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | 46 | 49 | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | 34, 64 | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | 34, 55 | Â | 53, 40, 46, 56 | |
Practical skills training | Knowledge | 79, 37, 91, 41 | Â | 85 |
Performance | Â | Â | 32 | |
Self-rep. preparedness | 41 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | 54, 71 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | Â | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | 54 | Â | Â | |
Field visit | Knowledge | 63, 40 | Â | Â |
Performance | 40 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. preparedness | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | 54, 71 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | Â | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | 54 | Â | 40 | |
Debriefing | Knowledge | 26, 27, 63, 83, 91 | 56 | 45, 46, 62 |
Performance | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. preparedness | 44 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | 45 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | 45, 46, 47 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | Â | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | 47, 55, 84 | 60 | 56 | |
Computer-based learning | Knowledge | 34, 37, 40, 83, 89, 91 | 81, 82 | Â |
Performance | 27, 34, 40 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. preparedness | 42 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | Â | 49 | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | Â | 49 | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | 42, 81, 34 | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | 34 | Â | 40 | |
Educational videos | Knowledge | 35, 92, 41, 63, 40, 37, 91 | 56, 82 | 52 |
Performance | 40 | 35 | Â | |
Self-rep. preparedness | 41 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | 52 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | Â | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | Â | Â | 40, 56 | |
VR (on screen) | Knowledge | 63 | Â | 62 |
Performance | 29 | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. preparedness | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. knowledge and competence | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. confidence | Â | Â | Â | |
Self-rep. self-efficacy | 64 | Â | Â | |
Further self-rep. measures | Â | Â | Â |